Developmental processes - lecture 2 Flashcards
trophoblast cells become polarised, while the Inner Cell Mass lack apical/basal polarity
true
what does polarisation form?
apical complex
what does the signalling centres - the node/organiser produce? (primitive node)
signalling molecules that direct the development of surrounding tissues
how can cells acquire different fates?
exposure to different concentrations of signal molecule
which information is needed for signalling gradients to regulate differentiation in the neural tube?
positional information
how is the embryo shaped?
programmed cell death
what type of signalling triggers cell death programme in the interdigital zones of foot and hand plate
BMP4
what does the localised changes in shape during neuralation lead to?
folding of the neural plate at median and dorso-lateral hinge points
how are the neural plates ultimately brought together?
tissue fusion
other than bringing the neural plates together, what else is tissue fusion required for?
formation of the face
where do the structures of the face arise from?
5 facial swellings
movement of cells from one location to another is a frequent event during development:
- gastrulation
- neural crest
- germ cells
- interneurons
describe the epithelial cell state
cells arranged in a sheet with specialised membrane contacts; adherens and tight junctions
describe the mesenchymal state
loosely associated, often motile cells with only transient focal attachements to other cells
the transition between epithelial and mesenchymal cell state is required for
- gastrulation
- neural crest
- cardiac valves
- secondary palate
formation
