Developmental Pediatric Table Flashcards
What are the four primary infant reflexes? When do they disappear?
- Moro - 3 months -> Limbs extend when baby is startled
- Rooting - 4 months
- Palmar - 6 months
- Babinski - 12 months
Disappears like the ocular nerve numbers, 3, 4, 6 months
Does stranger or separation anxiety happen first? What’s the logic?
Stranger - happens first - 6 months
Separation - happens second - 9 months
Separation anxiety requires object permanence (also arises at 9 months)
What is the order of postural developments in infancy? From lying down to walking.
Lifts head to prone by 1 month Sits and rolls by 6 months Crawls by 8 months Stands by 10 months Walks by 12-18 months
What are the toy playing milestones in infancy?
6 months - passes toys hand to hand
10 months - Pincer grab (thumb to finger)
At what age can an infant drink from a cup and point to objects?
12 months
What is first aid mnemonic for developmental milestones?
Parents Start Observing, (0-12 months, infant)
Child Rearing Working, (12-36 months, toddler)
Don’t Forget, they’re still Learning! (3-5 yrs, preschool)
What are the three 3 S’s of infancy?
Social Smile (2 months) Stranger Anxiety (6 months) Separation Anxiety (9 months)
What are the 3 O’s of infancy and their associated times?
Orients to voice - 4 months, then name at 9 months
Object permanence - 9 months, develops at same time as separation anxiety
Oratory - says mama / dada at 10 months, but actually means mama / dada by 12 months
What are the three R’s of toddlerhood (child Rearing working)?
Recreation - parallel play by 2 years
Rapproachment - by 2 years
Realization - of core gender identity
When does gender identity set in and when is it fixed? Is it innate?
Begins at 18 months - you feel male or female
Fixed by 36 months (3 years).
Yes, majority of it is innate
What are parallel play and rapprochement?
Parallel play - playing next to another child, but not with eachother
Rapprochement - Child wants independence but fears abandonment, will leave caregiver, return briefly, then go out to explore again
What are the four C’s of toddlership (Child rearing working)?
Cruises - takes first steps by 12-18 months, runs by 24 months
Climbs stairs 18 months
Cubes stacked - 3 x age in years = 6 by two years
Cutlery - feeds self with fork and spoon
Kicks ball - not a C, but 24 months
What is the W of child rearing Working?
W = words, knows 200 words by age 2 (two zeros)
Also 2 word sentences by age 2 (string a couple words together)
What are the three D’s of preschool years (Don’t forget they’re still learning)?
Drive - can ride tricycle with 3 wheels (age 3 for three wheels)
Drawings
Dexterity - Hops on one foot by age 4, Uses buttons / grooms self by age 5, can use buttons or zippers by age 5 (full dressing of self by age 5)
What are the Drawing ages?
3 - fits in circle - can copy circle
4 - add a line to a plus - can copy a + (make stick figure now)
5 - fits in square with line on top of 5 - can copy square
6 - tip of 6 points to tip of triangle - can copy a triangle
What are the two F’s of preschool years (don’t Forget they’re still learning)?
Freedom - spends part of day away from parents
Friends - cooperative play by age 4
What are the two L’s of preschool years (don’t forget they’re still Learning)?
Language - 3 zeros for age 3 - knows 1000 words. Can also use complete sentences by age 4.
Legends - At age 4, when can use complete sentences, can also tell complete stories
What what age can you read, tie shoelaces, and ride a bike?
Age 6 (First grade)
What are the leading causes of death in people under 1 year?
- Congenital malformations
- Preterm birth
- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
What are the leading causes of death in people 1-14 years?
- Accidents
- Cancer
- Congenital malformations
What are the leading causes of death in people 15-35 years?
- Accidents
- Suicide
- Homicide
Cancer falls off because many pediatric cancers are blastemal in origin (i.e. medullablastoma, Wilms tumor)
What are the leading causes of death in 35-44 year olds?
Accidents
Cancer
Heart Disease
What are the leading causes of death in 45-64 year olds?
Cancer
Heart Disease
Accidents
What are the leading causes of death in 65+ years?
Heart Disease
Cancer
Chronic Respiratory Disease