Developmental Norms of Speech

Question 1

Oller Stage 1

Answer 1

Birth to 1 month
“Phonation Stage”
-beginning to play with sounds (burping, gurgling, crying)

Question 2

Oller Stage 2

Answer 2

2-3 months
“Cooing and Gooing”
-generally all back sounds

Question 3

Oller Stage 3

Answer 3

4-6 months
“Exploration and Expansion”
-becoming more like adult model
-resonance, more laryngeal and articulatory control (vocal play)
-consonant production and constriction of vocal tract improved
-“raspberries” sound appears
-more front sounds, growling and squealing

Question 4

Oller Stage 4

Answer 4

7-9 months
"Reduplicated Babbling"
-CV pattern more clear
-stops, nasals, glides, maybe liquids
-lax, untensed vowel sounds

Question 5

Oller Stage 5

Answer 5

10-12 months
“Variegated Babbling”
-jargon at 10 months
-CV repertoire much greater

Question 6

Describe the Transitional Period

Answer 6

• Protowords “babbling sounds with meaning”
• not considered true words, not based on recognizable adult model
• have meaning to the infant
• used in a particular context
• often accompanied by a specific gesture

Question 7

When does the first true word appear/how do you know?

Answer 7

• Around 12 months
• stable, consistently used
• used in a particular context
• must resemble the adult form

Question 8

Sounds mastered by age 3:0

Answer 8

/h, w, m, n, b, p, f/ *50% know /r/ by age 3

Question 9

Sounds mastered by age 4:0

Answer 9

/d, t, k, g, -ing, j/

Question 10

Sounds mastered by age 6:0

Answer 10

/l, d3, ts, sh, v/

Question 11

Sounds mastered by age 8:0

Answer 11

Everything!

Question 12

Describe Cross-Sectional vs Longitudinal Studies

Answer 12

Cross-sectional: Lots of children all during a short period of time
Longitudinal: Few children over a longer period of time