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Pediatrics Board review > Developmental Milestones > Flashcards

Developmental Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

Gross motor: 1 month

A
  • Lifts chin when prone
  • Turns head when supine
  • Reacts to pain
  • Turns head while prone with nose clearing surface of table
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2
Q

Gross motor: 2 months

A
  • Lifts chin when prone

- Head bobs if held sitting

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3
Q

Gross motor: 4 months

A
  • Props on wrists when prone
  • No head lag when pulled to sit
  • Rolls front to back
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4
Q

Gross motor: 6 months

A
  • Sits unsupported (by 9 months)

- Commando crawls [shuffling on their tummy] (by 8 months)

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5
Q

Gross motor: 9 months

A
  • Pulls to stand
  • Cruises (moves around while holding on to furniture)
  • Crawls
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6
Q

Gross motor: 12 months

A
  • Stands alone

- Walks a few steps alone (by 18 months)

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7
Q

Gross motor: 15 months

A
  • Walks carrying objects
  • Stoops [bends over head and shoulders] and recovers
  • Climbs on furniture
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8
Q

Gross motor: 18 months

A
  • Walks on steps with hand held
  • Runs well
  • Throws ball
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9
Q

Gross motor: 2 years

A
  • Walks down steps using rail
  • Throws ball overhand
  • Kicks ball
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10
Q

Gross motor: 2.5 years

A
  • Jumps
  • Walks on toes
  • Alternates feet going upstairs
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11
Q

Gross motor: 3 years

A
  • Balance on each foot for 3 seconds
  • Pedals tricycle
  • Heel-toe walk
  • Catches ball
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12
Q

Gross motor: 4 years

A
  • Hops on one foot

- Gallops

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13
Q

Gross motor: 5 years

A

-Skips

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14
Q

Gross motor: 6 years

A

-Tandem (heel-to-toe) walk

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15
Q

Fine motor: 1 month

A
  • Hands tightly fisted

- Hands to mouth

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16
Q

Fine motor: 2 months

A
  • Tracks past midline (by 4 months)
  • Hands unfisted half of the time
  • Holds hands together
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17
Q

Fine motor: 4 months

A
  • Tracks to 180 degrees
  • Shakes rattle
  • Mouths objects
  • Reaching for objects
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18
Q

Fine motor: 6 months

A
  • Reaches with one hand
  • Transfers hand to hand
  • Raking grasp [fingers do all the grasping]
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19
Q

Fine motor: 9 months

A
  • Pincer grasp [pointing finger and thumb squeeze together to do the holding] (9-12 months)
  • Bangs blocks together
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20
Q

Fine motor: 12 months

A
  • Primitive marks on paper

- Finger feeds part of meal

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21
Q

Fine motor: 15 months

A
  • Scribbles in imitation
  • Stacks 3-4 cubes
  • Turn pages
  • Uses spoon, cup
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22
Q

Fine motor: 18 months

A
  • Scribbles spontaneously

- Stacks 4 cubes in a tower

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23
Q

Fine motor: 2 years

A
  • Lines cubes up as a train

- Imitates circle and/or line

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24
Q

Fine motor: 2.5 years

A
  • Turns paper pages in book

- Forms an 8-cube tower

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25
Q

Fine motor: 3 years

A
  • Copies a circle
  • Strings beads
  • Unbuttons clothes
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26
Q

Fine motor: 4 years

A
  • Copies a cross and square
  • Draws 4-6 part person
  • Buttons
27
Q

Fine motor: 5 years

A
  • Copies a triangle
  • Cuts with scissors
  • Writes first name
28
Q

Fine motor: 6 years

A
  • Ties shoes
  • Draws a diamond
  • Writes first and last names
  • Writes short sentences
29
Q

Cognition and communication: 1 month

A
  • Throaty noises

- Startles to sounds

30
Q

Cognition and communication: 2 months

A
  • Coos

- Alerts to voice and sound

31
Q

Cognition and communication: 4 months

A
  • Orients to voice (by 6 months)
  • Alternates vocalization with speaker (“converses”)
  • Repeats actions if results are interesting
32
Q

Cognition and communication: 6 months

A
  • Babbles “dada”

- Listens, then vocalizes when speaker stops (by 9 months)

33
Q

Cognition and communication: 9 months

A
  • Babbles “mama” (by 12 months)
  • Imitates sounds
  • Responds to name (by 12 months)
34
Q

Cognition and communication: 12 months

A
  • 1 word

- Immature jargon

35
Q

Cognition and communication: 15 months

A
  • 3-6 words (by 24 months)

- Says “no” correctly

36
Q

Cognition and communication: 18 months

A
  • 10-25 words
  • Points to people and 3 body parts when named
  • Spoken language/gesture combos
37
Q

Cognition and communication: 2 years

A
  • > 50 words, 50% intelligible

- 2-word phrases

38
Q

Cognition and communication: 2 years

A
  • Uses pronouns

- Recites parts of known books

39
Q

Cognition and communication: 3 years

A
  • > 200 words
  • 3-word sentences
  • Speech 75% intelligible
  • Uses plurals
40
Q

Cognition and communication: 4 years

A
  • Follows 3-step commands
  • Speech 100% intelligible
  • Knows colors
  • Has memorized songs
  • Understand adjetives
41
Q

Cognition and communication: 5 years

A
  • Identifies most letters, numbers out of order
  • Counts to 10
  • Future tense
  • Reads 25 words
42
Q

Cognition and communication: 6 years

A
  • 8-10 word sentences
  • Knows days of the week
  • Reads 250 words
43
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 1 month

A
  • Fixates on faces (by 2 months)
  • Discriminates parent’s voice
  • Establishes eye contact
  • May smile
44
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2 months

A
  • Social smile (by 6 months)

- Recognizes parent

45
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 4 months

A
  • Laughs out loud
  • Enjoys looking around
  • Smiles spontaneously
46
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 6 months

A

-Recognizes strangers

47
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 9 months

A
  • Waves “bye-bye”
  • Reciprocates gestures (by 12 months)
  • Uses sound to get attention
  • Stranger anxiety
48
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 12 months

A
  • Proto-imperative pointing [to request an object]
  • Pat-a-cake
  • Imitates
  • Follows 1-step command with gesture
49
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 15 months

A
  • Follows simple step command without gesture

- Proto-declarative pointing [to comment or show interest in an object]

50
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 18 months

A
  • Helps in house
  • Removes clothing
  • Imaginative play
51
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2 years

A
  • Follows series of 2 independent commands
  • Takes off clothing
  • Parallel play
52
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2.5 years

A
  • Washes and dries hands
  • Puts on clothing
  • Imitates adult activities
53
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 3 years

A
  • Brushes teeth with help
  • Names friends
  • Imaginative play
  • Begins sharing
  • Knows name, age, sex
  • Toilet trained
54
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 4 years

A
  • Tells tall tails
  • Interactive play (elaborate fantasy)
  • Group play
  • Has 1 close friend
55
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 5 years

A
  • Has group of friends

- Apologizes for mistakes

56
Q

Social-Emotional & Self-help: 6 years

A

-Same-sex best friend

Distinguishes fantasy from reality

57
Q

What are developmental red flags?

A
  • Loss of previously acquired milestones
  • Missed milestones, particularly:
  • Not fixating on faces by 2 months
  • Not tracking past midline by 4 months
  • Not having social smile by 6 months
  • Having head lag after 4 months
  • Not orienting to voice by 6 months
  • Not sitting unsupported by 9 months
  • Not listening and then vocalizing by 9 months
  • Not babbling “mama” by 12 months
  • Not reciprocating gestures by 12 months
  • Not walking a few steps alone by 18 months
  • Having fewer than 3 words by 24 months
  • No proto-declarative pointing by 15 months
  • Not having spoken language and gesture combos by 18 months
  • No imaginative play by 18 months
  • No 2-word phrases by 2 years
  • No 3-word sentences by 3 years
58
Q

What can persistent fisting at 3 months represent?

A

-Early indication of neuromotor dysfunction

59
Q

What red flags may indicate spasticity?

A
  • Rolling before 3 months
  • Pulling directly to stand (rather than sit) at 4 months
  • W-sitting
  • Bunny-hopping
  • Toe-walking
60
Q

What does persistence of primitive reflexes at 9 months indicate?

A

It may indicate neuromotor dysfunction

61
Q

When do primitive reflexes disappear?

A

-Usually between 6 and 9 months

62
Q

Hand dominance before 18 months may indicate, what?

A

-Contralateral weakness

63
Q

What does failure to alert to environmental stimuli may indicate?

A

-Visual and Auditory deficits

64
Q

Developmental red-flag at 1 month?

A

Failure to alert to environmental stimuli, which may indicate sensory impairment

Pediatrics Board review (5 decks)

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