Developmental Milestones Flashcards
Gross motor: 1 month
- Lifts chin when prone
- Turns head when supine
- Reacts to pain
- Turns head while prone with nose clearing surface of table
Gross motor: 2 months
- Lifts chin when prone
- Head bobs if held sitting
Gross motor: 4 months
- Props on wrists when prone
- No head lag when pulled to sit
- Rolls front to back
Gross motor: 6 months
- Sits unsupported (by 9 months)
- Commando crawls [shuffling on their tummy] (by 8 months)
Gross motor: 9 months
- Pulls to stand
- Cruises (moves around while holding on to furniture)
- Crawls
Gross motor: 12 months
- Stands alone
- Walks a few steps alone (by 18 months)
Gross motor: 15 months
- Walks carrying objects
- Stoops [bends over head and shoulders] and recovers
- Climbs on furniture
Gross motor: 18 months
- Walks on steps with hand held
- Runs well
- Throws ball
Gross motor: 2 years
- Walks down steps using rail
- Throws ball overhand
- Kicks ball
Gross motor: 2.5 years
- Jumps
- Walks on toes
- Alternates feet going upstairs
Gross motor: 3 years
- Balance on each foot for 3 seconds
- Pedals tricycle
- Heel-toe walk
- Catches ball
Gross motor: 4 years
- Hops on one foot
- Gallops
Gross motor: 5 years
-Skips
Gross motor: 6 years
-Tandem (heel-to-toe) walk
Fine motor: 1 month
- Hands tightly fisted
- Hands to mouth
Fine motor: 2 months
- Tracks past midline (by 4 months)
- Hands unfisted half of the time
- Holds hands together
Fine motor: 4 months
- Tracks to 180 degrees
- Shakes rattle
- Mouths objects
- Reaching for objects
Fine motor: 6 months
- Reaches with one hand
- Transfers hand to hand
- Raking grasp [fingers do all the grasping]
Fine motor: 9 months
- Pincer grasp [pointing finger and thumb squeeze together to do the holding] (9-12 months)
- Bangs blocks together
Fine motor: 12 months
- Primitive marks on paper
- Finger feeds part of meal
Fine motor: 15 months
- Scribbles in imitation
- Stacks 3-4 cubes
- Turn pages
- Uses spoon, cup
Fine motor: 18 months
- Scribbles spontaneously
- Stacks 4 cubes in a tower
Fine motor: 2 years
- Lines cubes up as a train
- Imitates circle and/or line
Fine motor: 2.5 years
- Turns paper pages in book
- Forms an 8-cube tower
Fine motor: 3 years
- Copies a circle
- Strings beads
- Unbuttons clothes
Fine motor: 4 years
- Copies a cross and square
- Draws 4-6 part person
- Buttons
Fine motor: 5 years
- Copies a triangle
- Cuts with scissors
- Writes first name
Fine motor: 6 years
- Ties shoes
- Draws a diamond
- Writes first and last names
- Writes short sentences
Cognition and communication: 1 month
- Throaty noises
- Startles to sounds
Cognition and communication: 2 months
- Coos
- Alerts to voice and sound
Cognition and communication: 4 months
- Orients to voice (by 6 months)
- Alternates vocalization with speaker (“converses”)
- Repeats actions if results are interesting
Cognition and communication: 6 months
- Babbles “dada”
- Listens, then vocalizes when speaker stops (by 9 months)
Cognition and communication: 9 months
- Babbles “mama” (by 12 months)
- Imitates sounds
- Responds to name (by 12 months)
Cognition and communication: 12 months
- 1 word
- Immature jargon
Cognition and communication: 15 months
- 3-6 words (by 24 months)
- Says “no” correctly
Cognition and communication: 18 months
- 10-25 words
- Points to people and 3 body parts when named
- Spoken language/gesture combos
Cognition and communication: 2 years
- > 50 words, 50% intelligible
- 2-word phrases
Cognition and communication: 2 years
- Uses pronouns
- Recites parts of known books
Cognition and communication: 3 years
- > 200 words
- 3-word sentences
- Speech 75% intelligible
- Uses plurals
Cognition and communication: 4 years
- Follows 3-step commands
- Speech 100% intelligible
- Knows colors
- Has memorized songs
- Understand adjetives
Cognition and communication: 5 years
- Identifies most letters, numbers out of order
- Counts to 10
- Future tense
- Reads 25 words
Cognition and communication: 6 years
- 8-10 word sentences
- Knows days of the week
- Reads 250 words
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 1 month
- Fixates on faces (by 2 months)
- Discriminates parent’s voice
- Establishes eye contact
- May smile
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2 months
- Social smile (by 6 months)
- Recognizes parent
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 4 months
- Laughs out loud
- Enjoys looking around
- Smiles spontaneously
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 6 months
-Recognizes strangers
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 9 months
- Waves “bye-bye”
- Reciprocates gestures (by 12 months)
- Uses sound to get attention
- Stranger anxiety
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 12 months
- Proto-imperative pointing [to request an object]
- Pat-a-cake
- Imitates
- Follows 1-step command with gesture
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 15 months
- Follows simple step command without gesture
- Proto-declarative pointing [to comment or show interest in an object]
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 18 months
- Helps in house
- Removes clothing
- Imaginative play
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2 years
- Follows series of 2 independent commands
- Takes off clothing
- Parallel play
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2.5 years
- Washes and dries hands
- Puts on clothing
- Imitates adult activities
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 3 years
- Brushes teeth with help
- Names friends
- Imaginative play
- Begins sharing
- Knows name, age, sex
- Toilet trained
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 4 years
- Tells tall tails
- Interactive play (elaborate fantasy)
- Group play
- Has 1 close friend
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 5 years
- Has group of friends
- Apologizes for mistakes
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 6 years
-Same-sex best friend
Distinguishes fantasy from reality
What are developmental red flags?
- Loss of previously acquired milestones
- Missed milestones, particularly:
- Not fixating on faces by 2 months
- Not tracking past midline by 4 months
- Not having social smile by 6 months
- Having head lag after 4 months
- Not orienting to voice by 6 months
- Not sitting unsupported by 9 months
- Not listening and then vocalizing by 9 months
- Not babbling “mama” by 12 months
- Not reciprocating gestures by 12 months
- Not walking a few steps alone by 18 months
- Having fewer than 3 words by 24 months
- No proto-declarative pointing by 15 months
- Not having spoken language and gesture combos by 18 months
- No imaginative play by 18 months
- No 2-word phrases by 2 years
- No 3-word sentences by 3 years
What can persistent fisting at 3 months represent?
-Early indication of neuromotor dysfunction
What red flags may indicate spasticity?
- Rolling before 3 months
- Pulling directly to stand (rather than sit) at 4 months
- W-sitting
- Bunny-hopping
- Toe-walking
What does persistence of primitive reflexes at 9 months indicate?
It may indicate neuromotor dysfunction
When do primitive reflexes disappear?
-Usually between 6 and 9 months
Hand dominance before 18 months may indicate, what?
-Contralateral weakness
What does failure to alert to environmental stimuli may indicate?
-Visual and Auditory deficits
Developmental red-flag at 1 month?
Failure to alert to environmental stimuli, which may indicate sensory impairment
