Developmental Milestones Flashcards
2 Months Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Begins to smile at people
• Can briefly calm himself (may bring hands to mouth and suck on hand)
• Tries to look at parent
4 Months Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Smiles spontaneously, especially at people
• Likes to play with people and might cry when playing stops
• Copies some movements and facial expressions, like smiling or frowning
6 Months Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Knows familiar faces and begins to know if someone is a stranger
• Likes to play with others, especially parents
• Responds to other people’s emotions and often seems happy
• Likes to look at self in a mirror
9 Months Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• May be afraid of strangers
• May be clingy with familiar adults
• Has favorite toys
12 Month Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Is shy or nervous with strangers
• Cries when mom or dad leaves
• Has favorite things/people
• Shows fear in some situations
• Hands you a book when he wants to hear a story
• Repeats sounds or actions to get attention
• Puts out arm or leg to help with dressing
• Plays games such as “peek-a-boo” and pat-a-cake”
18 Months Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Likes to hand things to others as play
• May have temper tantrums
• May be afraid of strangers
• Show affection to familiar people
• Plays simple pretend, such as feeding a doll
• May cling to caregivers in new situations
• Points to show others something interesting
• Explores alone but with parent close by
2 Years Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Copies others, especially adults and older children
• Gets excited when with other children
• Shows more and more independence
• Shows defiant behavior (doing what told not to)
• Plays mainly beside other children, but is beginning to include other children
3 Years Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Copies adults and friends
• Shows affection for friends without prompting
• Takes turns in games
• Shows concern for crying friend
• Understands the idea of “mine” and “his/hers”
• Shows a wide range of emotions
• Separates easily from mom/dad
• May get upset with major changes in routine
• Dresses and undresses self
4 Years Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Enjoys doing new things
• Plays “mom” and “dad”
• Is more and more creative with make believe play
• Would rather play with other children than by self
• Cooperates with other children
• Often can’t tell what is real/make-believe
• Talks about what she likes/is interested in
5 Years Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional • Wants to please friends • Wants to be like friends • More likely to agree with rules • Likes to sing, dance, and act • Shows concern and sympathy for others • Is aware of gender • Can tell whats real/make-believe • Shows more independence • Is sometimes demanding sometimes cooperative
6-10 Years Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Achieving a good “fit” w/ family, friends, school
• Sustained self-esteem
• Evolving self-identity
11-20 Years Social and Emotional
Social and Emotional
• Tumultuous time, marked by transition from family-dominated influences to autonomy & peer influences
• Struggle for identity, independence, eventual intimacy
2 Months Language
Language/Communication
• Coos, makes gurgling sounds
• Turns head toward sounds
4 Months Language
Language/Communication
• Begins to babble
• Babbles with expression and copies sounds heard
6 Months Language
Language/Communication
• Responds to sounds by making sounds
• Strings vowels together when babbling and likes taking turns with parent
• Responds to own name
• Makes sounds to show joy/displeasure
• Begins to say consonant sounds (m and b early)
9 Months Language
Language/Communication • Understands “no” • Makes a lot of different sounds like :mamamamama” and “bababababa” • Copies sounds and gestures of others • Uses fingers to point at things
12 Months Language
Language/Communication
• Responds to simple spoken requests
• Uses simple gestures like shaking head “no” or waving “bye-bye”
• Makes sounds with changes in tone (sounds more like speech)
• Says “mama/dada” and exclamations like “uh-oh!”
• Tries to say words you say
18 Months Language
Language/Communication
• Says several single words
• Says and shakes head “no”
• Points to show someone what he wants
2 Years Language
Language/Communication
• Point to things or pictures when they are named
• Knows names of familiar people and body parts
• Says sentences with 2-4 words
• Follow simple instructions
• Repeats words overheard in conversation
• Points to things in books
3 Years Language
Language/Communication
• Follows instructions with 2-3 steps
• Can name most familiar tings
• Understands words like “in,” “on,” and “under”
• Says first name, age, and sex
• Names a friend
• Says words like “I, me, we, you” and some plurals
• Talks well enough for strangers to understand most of the time
• Carries on conversation using 2-3 sentences
4 years Language
Language/Communication • Knows some basic rules of grammar • Sings a song or says a poem from memory (nursery rhymes) • Tells stories • Can say first and last name
5 Years Language
Language/Communication
• Speaks very clearly
• Tells a simple story using full sentences
• Uses future tense “grandma will be here”
• Says name and address
2 Months Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Pays attention to faces
• Begins to follow things with eyes and recognize people at a distance
• Begins to act bored (cries, fussy) if activity doesn’t change
4 Months Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Lets you know when happy/sad
• Responds to affection
• Reaches for toy with one hand
• Uses hands and eyes together such as seeing a toy and reaching for it
• Follows moving tings with eyes from side to side
• Watches faces closely
• Recognizes familiar people and things at a distance
6 Months Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Looks around at things nearby
• Brings things to mouth
• Shows curiosity about things and tries to get things that are out of reach
• Begins to pass things from one hand to the other
9 Months Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Watches the path of something as it falls
• Looks for things he sees you hide
• Plays peek-a-boo
• Puts things in her mouth
• Moves things smoothly from one hand to the other
• Picks up things between thumb and finger
12 Months Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Explores tings in different ways, like shaking, banging, throwing
• Finds hidden things easily
• Looks at the right picture when it is names
• Copies gestures
• Starts to use things correctly
• Bangs two things together
• Puts things in a container, takes them out
• Lets things go without help
• Pokes with index finger
• Follow simple directions (“pick up the toy”)
18 Months Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Knows what ordinary things are for- telephone, brush, spoon
• Points to get the attention of others
• Shows interest in a doll/stuffed animal, pretends to feed
• Point to one body part
• Scribbles on his own
• Can follow 1 step verbal commands without any gestures
2 Years Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Finds things even when hidden under 2-3 covers
• Begins to sort shapes/colors
• Completes sentences and rhymes in familiar books
• Plays simple make-believe games
• Builds towers of 4+ blocks
• Might use one hand more than other
• Follows two-step instructions such as “pick up your shoes”
• Names items in a picture book such as cat, bird, or dog
3 Years Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Can work toys with buttons, levers, and moving parts
• Plays make believe with dolls, animals, and people
• Does puzzles with 3-4 pieces
• Understands what “two” means
• Copies a circle with pencil/crayon
• Turns book pages one at a time
• Builds towers with 6+ blocks
• Screw and unscrews jar lids, turns door handles
4 Years Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Names some colors and some numbers
• Understands the idea of counting
• Starts to understand time
• Remembers parts of a story
• Understand the ideas of “same/different”
• Draws a person with 2-4 body parts
• Uses scissors
• Starts to copy some capital letters
• Plays board/card games
• Tells you what he thinks is going to happen next in a book
5 Years Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Counts 10 or more things
• Can draw a person with 6+ body parts
• Can print some letters/numbers
• Copies a triangle and some other geometric shapes
• Knows about things used everyday, money and food
6-10 Years Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• “concrete operational” focus on the present
o children begin thinking logically aboutconcreteevents, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts.
• achievement of knowledge and skills, self efficacy
11-20 Years Cognitive
Cognitive (learning, thinking, problem-solving)
• Learn to reason logically and abstractly, consider future implications of current actions
• Often erratic, still limited ability to see beyond simple solutions
• Moral tinging becomes sophisticated
2 Months Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development
• Can hold head up and begins to push up when laying on tummy
• Makes smoother movement with arms and legs
4 Months Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development
• Holds head steady, unsupported
• Pushes down on legs when feet are on a hard surface
• May be able to roll over from tummy to back
• Can hold a toy and shake it and swing at dangling toys
• Brings hands to mouth
• When lying on stomach, pushes up to elbows
6 Months Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development
• Rolls over in both directions (front to back, back to front)
• Begins to sit without support
• When standing, supports weight on legs and might bounce
• Rocks back and forth, sometimes crawling backward before moving forward
Add Baby Food! Cereal, fruits, veggies, meat, snacks. Start with thin consistency, gradually thicken. Continue with breastfeeding/formula
Most can go through night without being fed
9 Months Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development • Stands, holding on • Can get into sitting position • Sits without support • Pulls to stand • crawls
12 Months Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development
• Gets to a sitting position without help
• Pulls up to stand, walks holding onto furniture (“cruising”)
• May stand alone
• May take a few steps without holding on
Food: grazing- should be eating frequently-they have tiny tummies! Can switch from formula/breastfeeding to whole milk
18 Months Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development • Walks alone • May walk up steps and fun • Pulls toys while walking • Can help undress herself • Drinks from a cup • Eats with a spoon
2 Years Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development
• Stands on tiptoe
• Kicks a ball
• Begins to run
• Climbs onto and down from furniture without help
• Walks up and down stairs holding on
• Throws ball overhand
• Makes or copies straight lines and circles
Food: can switch from whole to skim milk, avoid choking
Toilet readiness?
3 Years Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development • Climbs well • Runs easily • Pedals a tricycle • Walks up and down stairs with one foot on each step
4 Years Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development
• Hops and stand on one foot for up to 2 seconds
• Catches a bounced ball most of the time
• Pours, cuts with supervision, mashes own food
5 Years Movement & Development
Movement/Physical Development
• Stand on one foot for 10 seconds or longer
• Hops; may be able to skip
• Can do a somersault
• Uses a fork/spoon, sometimes a table knife
• Can use the toilet on her own
• Swings and climbs
6-10 Years Movement & Development
Physical Development
• Enhanced strength and coordination
• Competence in various tasks and activities
11-20 Years Movement & Development
Physical Development
• Puberty- physical transition from childhood to adulthood
o Onset: 10 for girls, 11 for boys
o End w/ growth spurt by age 14 for girls and 16 for boys
o Duration varies widely but stages follow same sequence (Tanner sexual maturity stages)
Sexual Maturity I
Preadolescence: No sexual hair
Sexual Maturity II
Sparse, pigmented, long, straight, mainly along labia and at base of penis. Breast Budding
Sexual Maturity III
Darker, coarser and curlier hair. Boobs: Continued enlargement
Sexual Maturity IV
Adult, but decreased distribution
Boobs: alveolar and papilla form secondary mound
Sexual Maturity V
Adult in quantity and type with spread to medial thighs
Boobs: Mature female breast
Sexual Maturity VI
When you realize you need to manage your bush.
