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Rotations > Developmental milestones > Flashcards

Developmental milestones Flashcards

1
Q

2 months: Gross motor

A

lifts head/chest in prone position

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2
Q

2 months: fine motor

A
  • hands unfisted 50% of time

- tracks past midline

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3
Q

2 months: Language

A
  • alerts to voice/sound

- Coos

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4
Q

2 months: social/cognitive

A
  • Social smile

- Recognizes parents

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5
Q

4 months: Gross motor

A
  • sits with trunk support

- begins rolling

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6
Q

4 months: Fine motor

A
  • hands mostly open

- reaches midline

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7
Q

4 months; language

A
  • laughs

- turns to voice

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8
Q

4 months: social/cognitive

A

enjoys looking around

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9
Q

6 months: gross motor

A

sits momentarily propped on hands (unsupported by 7 months)

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10
Q

6 months: fine motor

A
  • transfers objects hand to hand

- raking grasp

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11
Q

6 months: language

A
  • responds to name

- babbles

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12
Q

6 months: social/cognitive

A

stranger anxiety

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13
Q

9 months: gross motor

A

pulls to stand

- cruises

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14
Q

9 months: fine motor

A

3 finger pincer grasp

holds bottle or cup

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15
Q

9 months: language

A

says dada and mama

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16
Q

9 months: social/cognitive

A

waves bye

- plays pat-a-cake

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17
Q

12 months: gross motor

A
  • stands well
  • walks first steps independently
  • throws ball
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18
Q

12 months: fine motor

A

2 finger pincer grasp

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19
Q

12 months: language

A

says first words other than mama and dada

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20
Q

12 months: social/cognitive

A
  • separation of anxiety
  • follows 1-step command
  • imitates others
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21
Q

12 months: weight and height

A

weight should triple and height should increase by 50%

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22
Q

18 months: gross motor

A
  • runs

- kicks a ball

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23
Q

18 months: fine motor

A
  • builds tower of 2-4 cubes

- removes clothing

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24
Q

18 months: language

A
  • 10-25 word vocab

- identifies >1 body part

25
Q

18 months: social/cognitive

A
  • understands “mine”

- begins pretend play

26
Q

2 years: gross motor

A

walks up and down stairs with both feet on each step

- jumps

27
Q

2 years: fine motor

A
  • builds 6 cube tower

- copies a line

28
Q

2 years: language

A
  • 50+ word vocab

- 2 word phrases

29
Q

2 years: social/cognitive

A
  • follows 2-step command
  • parallel play
  • begins toilet training
30
Q

3 years: gross motor

A
  • walks up and down stairs w alternating feet

- rides tricycle

31
Q

3 years: fine motor

A

copies a circle

- uses utensils

32
Q

3 years: language

A
  • 3-word sentences

- speech 75% intelligible

33
Q

3 years: social/cognitive

A
  • knows age/gender

- imaginative play

34
Q

4 years: gross motor

A

balances and hops on 1 foot

35
Q

4 years: fine motor

A

-copies a square

36
Q

4 years: language

A
  • identifies colors

- speech 100% intelligible

37
Q

4 years: social/cognitive

A

cooperative play

38
Q

what is the gold standard treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

A

immediate surgical screw fixation

39
Q

most common cause of communicating hydrocephalus

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

40
Q

CT findings of dandy walker anomaly?

A

cystic expansion of the 4th ventricle

41
Q

Ct findings of Arnold- chiari malformation?

A

protrusion of the structures of the posterior fossa through the foramen magnum

42
Q

what is Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

A 
WAITER-X:
Wiskott-Aldrich
Immunodeficiency
Thrombocytopenia
Eczema
Recurrent bacterial infections
X linked
43
Q

Hirschsprung disease versus meconium ileus: Associated disorder

A

H: Down syndrome
M: Cystic fibrosis

44
Q

Hirschsprung disease versus meconium ileus: typical level of obstruction

A

H: Rectosigmoid
M: ileum

45
Q

what is a positive squirt sign?

A

production of an expulsion of gas and stool from temporary relief from obstruction in Hirschsprung

46
Q

breakdown of hemoglobin in sickle cell disease versus sickle cell trait: HbA, HbS, HbF

A

Trait: 50-60% HbA, 35-45% HbS, <2% HbF
Disease: 0% HbA, 85-95% HbS, 5-15% HbF

47
Q

most common complication of sickle cell TRAIT?

A

hematuria- sickling in the renal medulla

48
Q

when should you do a chloride sweat test in neonates with suspected CF?

A

?2 weeks or weight >2kg

49
Q

what is waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome?

A

sudden vasomotor collapse and skin rash due to adrenal hemorrhage seen in infants with meningococcemia

50
Q

what chromosomal deletion is seen in cri-du-chat syndrome?

A

5p

51
Q

symptoms and pathophysiology of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?

A
  • X-linked recessive disorder
  • self mutilation in the presence of dystonia
  • deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
52
Q

how do you treat moderate to severe dehydration in a child?

A

intravenous bolus of isotonic fluid

53
Q

what is a long-term complication of a pt w vesicoureteral reflux?

A

renal scarring (major cause of ESRD in children)

54
Q

what is the most common complication of hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

renal damage via E coli toxin entering the systemic circulation and inures the endothelial cells in the kidney

55
Q

adolescent male with nasal obstruction, visible nasal mass, and frequent nosebleeds

A

juvenile angiofibrome until proven otherwise

56
Q

angiography shows a string of beads pattern to the renal artery

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

57
Q

what does the physical exam reveal in fibromuscular dysplasia?

A

a hum or bruit in the costovertebral angle due to well developed collaterals
Right renal artery > left

58
Q

what is the most common histologic type of both supratentorial and infratentorial brain tumor in children?

A

Astrocytomas

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