Developmental milestones Flashcards
2 months: Gross motor
lifts head/chest in prone position
2 months: fine motor
- hands unfisted 50% of time
- tracks past midline
2 months: Language
- alerts to voice/sound
- Coos
2 months: social/cognitive
- Social smile
- Recognizes parents
4 months: Gross motor
- sits with trunk support
- begins rolling
4 months: Fine motor
- hands mostly open
- reaches midline
4 months; language
- laughs
- turns to voice
4 months: social/cognitive
enjoys looking around
6 months: gross motor
sits momentarily propped on hands (unsupported by 7 months)
6 months: fine motor
- transfers objects hand to hand
- raking grasp
6 months: language
- responds to name
- babbles
6 months: social/cognitive
stranger anxiety
9 months: gross motor
pulls to stand
- cruises
9 months: fine motor
3 finger pincer grasp
holds bottle or cup
9 months: language
says dada and mama
9 months: social/cognitive
waves bye
- plays pat-a-cake
12 months: gross motor
- stands well
- walks first steps independently
- throws ball
12 months: fine motor
2 finger pincer grasp
12 months: language
says first words other than mama and dada
12 months: social/cognitive
- separation of anxiety
- follows 1-step command
- imitates others
12 months: weight and height
weight should triple and height should increase by 50%
18 months: gross motor
- runs
- kicks a ball
18 months: fine motor
- builds tower of 2-4 cubes
- removes clothing
18 months: language
- 10-25 word vocab
- identifies >1 body part
18 months: social/cognitive
- understands “mine”
- begins pretend play
2 years: gross motor
walks up and down stairs with both feet on each step
- jumps
2 years: fine motor
- builds 6 cube tower
- copies a line
2 years: language
- 50+ word vocab
- 2 word phrases
2 years: social/cognitive
- follows 2-step command
- parallel play
- begins toilet training
3 years: gross motor
- walks up and down stairs w alternating feet
- rides tricycle
3 years: fine motor
copies a circle
- uses utensils
3 years: language
- 3-word sentences
- speech 75% intelligible
3 years: social/cognitive
- knows age/gender
- imaginative play
4 years: gross motor
balances and hops on 1 foot
4 years: fine motor
-copies a square
4 years: language
- identifies colors
- speech 100% intelligible
4 years: social/cognitive
cooperative play
what is the gold standard treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
immediate surgical screw fixation
most common cause of communicating hydrocephalus
subarachnoid hemorrhage
CT findings of dandy walker anomaly?
cystic expansion of the 4th ventricle
Ct findings of Arnold- chiari malformation?
protrusion of the structures of the posterior fossa through the foramen magnum
what is Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
WAITER-X: Wiskott-Aldrich Immunodeficiency Thrombocytopenia Eczema Recurrent bacterial infections X linked
Hirschsprung disease versus meconium ileus: Associated disorder
H: Down syndrome
M: Cystic fibrosis
Hirschsprung disease versus meconium ileus: typical level of obstruction
H: Rectosigmoid
M: ileum
what is a positive squirt sign?
production of an expulsion of gas and stool from temporary relief from obstruction in Hirschsprung
breakdown of hemoglobin in sickle cell disease versus sickle cell trait: HbA, HbS, HbF
Trait: 50-60% HbA, 35-45% HbS, <2% HbF
Disease: 0% HbA, 85-95% HbS, 5-15% HbF
most common complication of sickle cell TRAIT?
hematuria- sickling in the renal medulla
when should you do a chloride sweat test in neonates with suspected CF?
?2 weeks or weight >2kg
what is waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome?
sudden vasomotor collapse and skin rash due to adrenal hemorrhage seen in infants with meningococcemia
what chromosomal deletion is seen in cri-du-chat syndrome?
5p
symptoms and pathophysiology of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
- X-linked recessive disorder
- self mutilation in the presence of dystonia
- deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
how do you treat moderate to severe dehydration in a child?
intravenous bolus of isotonic fluid
what is a long-term complication of a pt w vesicoureteral reflux?
renal scarring (major cause of ESRD in children)
what is the most common complication of hemolytic uremic syndrome?
renal damage via E coli toxin entering the systemic circulation and inures the endothelial cells in the kidney
adolescent male with nasal obstruction, visible nasal mass, and frequent nosebleeds
juvenile angiofibrome until proven otherwise
angiography shows a string of beads pattern to the renal artery
fibromuscular dysplasia
what does the physical exam reveal in fibromuscular dysplasia?
a hum or bruit in the costovertebral angle due to well developed collaterals
Right renal artery > left
what is the most common histologic type of both supratentorial and infratentorial brain tumor in children?
Astrocytomas