Developmental milestones Flashcards
A 2 month old chid
Gross: lift head to 45, extend arms forward
Fine motor: follow across midline, grab clothes
Language:Coos
Social/Adaptive: Regards faces, social smile (6wks)
6 months
Gross: Sits unsupported
Fine motor: reaches for toys, ulnar grasp
Language: Babbles, imitates sounds
Social/Adaptive: Stranger anxiety
8 Months
Gross: Stands if held
Fine motor: transfers across midline
Language: mama, dada (non-specific sounds)
Social/Adaptive: waves bye
9 Months
Gross: Crawls, pulls to stand
Fine motor: fingers thumb grasp
Language: jabbers
Social/Adaptive: Separation anxiety, plays patty cake
10 months
Gross: Cruises
Fine motor: Pincer grasp
Language: mama and dada specific
Social/Adaptive: Peek a boo
12 Months
Gross:Walks alone or with support
Fine motor: Throws
Language: few words plus mama/dada
Social/Adaptive:drinks from cup
15 Months
Gross: walks well, walks backwards
Fine motor: scribbles, tower of 2 cubes
Language: Points, follows simple commands
Social/Adaptive: hugs parents, spoon/fork, remove clothes
18 Months
Gross: runs, walks upstairs, kicks ball
Fine motor: tower of 3-4 cubes
Language: 10 words
Social/Adaptive: feeds self, helps brush teeth, points to body parts.
2 years
Gross: walks up/down stairs, throws overhead, jumps.
Fine motor: initiates pencil stroke, tower of 6
Language: 2-3 word phrases, 25% understandable.
Social/Adaptive: Dry at night, toilet training around 2-3 years
3 years
Goes up stairs alternating feed, stand one foot, rides tricycle.
Fine motor: copies a circle/cross, hand preference
Language: knows name, 50-75% udnerstandable, knows age and gender.
Social/Adaptive: Plays with others, shares toys, partially dresses
4 Years
Gross: Hops on one foot
Fine motor: Copies a square, uses scissors
Language: tells stories, asks questions.
Social/Adaptive:Interactive play, toilets alone, dresses self, brushes teeth
5 eyars
Gross: Skips, rides bike with training wheels
Fine motor: copies triangle, ties shows, prints name, draws person of 6 parts.
Language: names 4 colors, fluent speech, says alphabet.
Social/Adaptive: plays competitive games with rules.
Gross Motor Milestones
6 months sits; crawls-cruises at 10, walks at 15, stairs at 24, tricycle at 3 and bike at 5.
Fine Motor Milestones:
Grasps at 3-4months, transfers at 8 months, pincer at 10 months, scribbles at 15 months and tower of 2 cubes at 18
Language Milestones
4 months: coos; 6 months babbles; 12 months words; 24 months 2 word phrases
Social Adaptive Milestones
6 wk social smile; stranger anxiety 6 months, peek a boo at 12 months; parrallel play at 24 months.
Some disorders of developmental regression
Rett's syndrome (loss of hand movement, gait abnormality, mental retardation and loss of speech). X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Leukodystrophy Trauma, infections (HIV, CMV), strokes Alexander's syndrome (GFAP!) Muscular dystrophy Abust/Neglect Heavy Metal poisoning.
Red Flags in developmental history
trauma, abuse/neglect, infections/fevers, fm history, dysmorphic features, neonatal history, epilepsy, new onset.
Number one genetic cause of dev delay
Down’s Syndrome
clinodactyly
bend or curvature of the 5th finger (normal or … russel Silver, Down’s, Feingold syndromes)
Brachydactylyl
Small/short digits.
Red Flags in Down’s Syndrome
- obstruction: delayed passage of meconium, abdominal pain/irritable, bilious vomiting
- Heart failure: dyspnea, edema, increased RR/HR,fatigue, diaphoresis, poor feeding, FTT
- Leukemia: fever, anorexia, weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, bone pain, xs bruising/infec-tions
- Spinal cord compression (2° to Cl (2 instability): neck pain/wry, weakness and spasticity, difficulty walking/loss of ambulatory skills, altered bowel or bladder function
Failure to thrive defintions
Note: use WHO now
<3rd %tile weight for age. Wt loss greater than 10%, failure to regain bw or jaundice by 2 wks. No social smile by 6 wks. <6 wet diapers.
Etiology of Failure to thrive
Not enough calories
Excessive caloric need/ineffective utilization
Malabsorption/Maldigestions
