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Paediatrics > Developmental Milestones > Flashcards

Developmental Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

Physical needs of children

A
  • Warmth, Clothing Shelter
  • Good vision and hearing
  • Food
  • Good health
  • Activity with rest
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2
Q

Psychological Needs of children

A

Psychological needs:

  • Security
  • Affection and care
  • Play
  • Role models
  • Opportunity to learn from experience
  • Personal identity, self respect and independence
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3
Q

Functional Areas of child developemtn

A
  • Gross motor
  • Hearing, speech and language
  • Social, emotional and behaviour
  • Fine motor and vision
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4
Q

Median age def

A

when half the standard population of children achieve the level

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5
Q

Limit age def

A

age by which milestones should have been achieved

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6
Q

How to account for motor delay in premature

A

taking developmental milestone age - time of prematurity e.g. 18 month old born 3 months early = milestone age of 15 months.

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7
Q

Types of primitive reflex

A

Moro
Grasp
Rooting
Stepping response
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
Suckling reflex

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8
Q

What is moro

A

sudden extension of the head causes symmetrical extension then flexion of the arms

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9
Q

What is rooting

A

head turns to stimulus when touches near mouth

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10
Q

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

A

Lying supine, infant outstretched arm to side when head is turned

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11
Q

Labyrinthe Righting

A

head moves in opposite direction to which body is tilted

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12
Q

Postural reflexes

A

Labyrinthe righting
Postural support
Lateral propping
Parachute

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13
Q

Postural support

A

when held upright, legs take weight and baby may bounce

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14
Q

Lateral propping

A

in sitting, arms extend on side which child falls

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15
Q

Parachute response

A

when face down, baby arms extend as those to save self.

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16
Q

Childs cognitive ideas

A
  • They are centre of world
  • inanimate objects are alive and have feelings and motives
  • events have a magical element
  • everything has a purpose
17
Q

Newborn acquired responses

A
  • limbs flexed
  • marked head lag on pulling up
  • Startled to loud noises
18
Q

6-8 weeks acquired responses

A
  • Raises head 45 degrees in prone
  • Follows moving object or face by turning head
  • Smiles responsively
19
Q

4 month responses

A
  • Reaches out for toys
  • Vocalises alone or when spoken to and laugh
  • Palmar grasp
20
Q

6-8 month responses

A
  • sits without support, 6 months with round back and 8 months with straight back.
  • Puts food in mouth
  • 7 months Transfers toys from one hand to other
  • 7 months =Turns to soft sounds out of sight
21
Q

8-9 month acquired response

A

Crawling

22
Q

10 months development response

A
  • stand independently and cruises around furniture
  • Mature pincer grip
  • Sounds used discriminately to parents
  • Waves bye bye - peek a boo
23
Q

12 month acquired response

A
  • walk unsteadily and broad gait with hands apart
  • two to three words
  • drinks from cup with hands
24
Q

16-18 month response

A
  • marks with crayon
  • 6-10 words
  • Holds spoon and gets food to mouth
25
Q

20-24 month development

A
  • joins two or more words to simple phrases
  • Symbolic play
26
Q

2-5 years development response

A
  • 2 = line
  • 3= circle
  • 3.5 = cross
  • 4= square
  • 5= triangle
  • Talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences from 2.5 - 3
  • Dry by day
  • Pulls off clothing
  • Parallel play and interactive play - takes turns
27
Q

Gross motor limit ages

A
  • 4 months - head control
  • 9 months - sit unsupported
  • 12 - stand with support
  • 18 - walk independently
28
Q

Visual and fine motor limit ages

A
  • 3 - fixes and follows visually
  • 6 - reaches for objects
  • 9 - transfers
  • 12 - pincer grip
29
Q

Hearing or speech limit ages

A
  • 7 - polysyllabic babble
  • 10 - consonant babble
  • 18- Saying 6 words with meaning
  • 2 years - joins words
  • 2.5 - 3 word sentences
30
Q

Social behaviour limit age

A
  • 8 weeks - smile
  • 10 months - fear of strangers
  • 18 months - feeds self / spoon
  • 2-2.5 years Symbolic play
  • 3-3.5 years - Interactive play
31
Q

Problems with developmental screening

A
  • Subjective clinical opinion
  • Single observation may be limited due to child mood
  • Poor predictor of cognitive function and later school performance
32
Q

Why not use IQ in children

A
  • Limited by cultural background or linguistic skills
  • do not test all skill areas
  • do not reflect individual child potential
  • compromised by specific disabilities - such as motor disorder in cerebral palsy
33
Q

Developmental screening vs assessment

A

Developmental screening = checks of whole populations or groups of children at set ages by trained professionals

Developmental assessment = detailed analysis of overall developmental or specific areas of development

34
Q

Delay definition

A

mplies slow acquisition of all skills or of one particular field or area of skill particularly in relation to developmental problems in 0-5 age group

35
Q

Learning difficulty vs disorder

A

Learning difficulty - used in relation to children of school age and may be cognitive, physical, both or relate to specific functional skills - dyslexia, dyspraxia

Disorder - maldevelopment of a skill

36
Q

Disadvantage development defintiion

A

results from disability and limits or prevents fulfilment of a normal role. It is situationally specific. e.g. a child with a learning disability may be good at skiing or swimming.

Paediatrics (17 decks)

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