developmental milestones Flashcards
Newborn gross motor
Flexor tone predominates
Automatic reflex walking
Side to side head movement in prone
Rounded spine when placed in sitting
Newborn fine motor
grasp reflex
fisted hands
state-dependent ability to fix and follow bright object
Newborn personal/social
habituation
some control of state
Newborn speech & language
Cry
state-dependent quieting and head turning to rattle or voice
Newborn cognitive
Sensorimotor 0-24 months
Reflex stage
Newborn emotional
Basic trust vs mistrust
Symbiotic relationship – considers themself as one with their mother
4 months gross motor
head in midline
head is held when pulled to sitting
in prone head lifts 90 degrees and chest slightly lifts
turns to supine
4 months fine motor
hands mostly open
midline hand play
crude palmar grasp
4 months personal/social
recognizes bottle
4 months language & speech
laughs/squeals
blows bubbles and raspberries
responsive vocalization
turns to bell or voice consistently
4 months cognitive
circular reaction
4 months emotional
“lap baby” – basic trust
7 months gross motor
maintains sitting – may use arms for support
gives full weight; bounces when held erect
cervical lordosis
rolls to prone
7 months fine motor
intermediate grasp
transfers cube from hand to hand
bangs objects
7 months personal/social
differentiates stranger from familiar person
holds bottle
looks for dropped object
“talks” to mirror image
7 months language & speech
uses one word and double consonant vowel combos
7 months cognitive
none mentioned
7 months emotional
AT 5 MONTHS, individuation separation
has sense of belonging to a central person
10 months gross motor
creeps on all 4’s
stands momentarily
pivots in sitting
bow-legged
cruises
acute lumbar lordosis
10 months fine motor
pincer grasp
bangs two cubes together
10 months personal/social
plays peek-a-boo
finger feeds
chews in rotary motion
10 months language & speech
shouts for attention
uses mama and dada with meaning
imitates speech sounds
waves bye bye
inhibits behavior to “no”
10 months cognitive
can retrieve objects hidden from view
10 months emotional
practicing phase of separation-individuation
starts to initiate separation
14 months gross
walks alone with arms in high or mid guard position
foot contact is on entire sole
wide BOS with excessive hip and knee flexion
slight valgus of knee and foot
pelvic tilt and rotation
14 months fine
stacks two cubes
casts objects
scribbles spontaneously
holds crayon in full length
14 months personal/social
uses spoon with overpronation and spilling
removes garments
14 months language and speech
uses single words
understands simple commands
14 months cognitive
differentiates available behavioral patterns for new ends
14 months emotional
rapprochement phase of separation-individuation; shows ambivalent behavior towards mother
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
pleasure in controlling muscles and sphincters
issue with holding on and letting go
18 months gross
arms at low guard
mature supporting base and heel strike
can sit down by themself
walk backwards
18 months fine
emerging hand dominance
holds butt of crayon in palm
spontaneously dumps raisin from bottle
crude release
18 months personal/social
hugs and carries doll
imitates housework
drinks neatly from cup
18 months speech & language
says “no”
jargons
names a body part that is pointed to
can name one picture
18 months cognitive
capable of insight
2 years gross
walks up and down stairs alone
starts running
jumps in place
2 years fine
stack eight cubes
align cubes horizontally
imitates straight line
hand dominance is usual
holds pen between thumb and fingers
draws with arm and wrist motion
2 years personal/social
toilet training usually starts
pulls garment
uses spoon well
feeds doll with bottle or spoon
opens door turning knob
2 years language & speech
2 word phrases
refers to self as “me” “my” etc
uses verbs
refers to self by name
follows simple directions
3 years gross
good at running
walks up stairs with alternating steps
broad jump
pedals tricycle
3 years fine
3 cube bridge
copies circle
overhand throw with anteroposterior movement of trunk and arm
catches with extended arms hugging around body
3 years personal/social
usually toilet trained day and night
pours pitcher
unbuttons shirt; washes and dries face and hands
parallel play
can take turns
can be reasoned with
3 years speech & language
three word sentences are common
uses future tense
asks who what where
stutters in excitement
gives full name
identifies self as girl or boy
follows prepositional commands
recognizes three colors
3 years cognitive
preoperational period continues
deferred imitation
symbolic play
verbal evocation of events
3 years emotional
initiative vs guilt
deals with issue of genital sexuality
4 years gross
hops on one leg
goes down stairs with alternate legs
plantar arch developing
sits up from supine without rotating
4 years fine
uses pencil with hand and wrist motions like an adult
copies cross
draws frog-like person with head and extremities
throws underhand
cuts with scissors
4 years personal/social
cooperative play
imaginative make believe play
dresses and undresses with supervision for front and back of clothing and buttons
does simple commands outside of home
4 years speech & language
Gives connected account of recent experiences
asks when, why, how
uses past tense and adjectives and adverbs
knows opposite analogies
repeats 4 digits
5 years gross
skips
tiptoes
balances for 10 seconds on each foot
5 years fine
hand dominance is expected
draws man with face, trunk, and limbs
throws with diagonal arm and body
catches with hands
5 years personal/social
creative play
competitive play
self sufficient in toileting
can change by themself except tying shoes
uses fork to stab food
brushes teeth
5 years speech & language
fluent speech
names nouns based on by composition, classification, or use
gives name, address, age
follows three-part commands
has number concepts to 10
5 years emotional
industry vs inferiority
adjusts himself to inorganic laws of tool world
6 years gross
roller skates
rides bike
6 years fine
prints alphabet; letter reversals still acceptable
mature catch & throw of ball
6 years social/personal
teacher is important authority
uses fork appropriately
uses knife for spreading
plays table games
6 years speech & language
master of grammar
proper articulation
6 years emotional
industry vs inferiority continues
7 years gross
continuing refinement of skills
7 years personal/social
eats c fork and knife
combs hair
responsible for grooming
7 yrs cognitive
period of concrete operational though (7 yrs-adolescence)
capable of logical thinking
