Developmental Gross & Fine Motor Skills Flashcards
Gross Motor Skills: Newborn to 1 month in Prone
Physiological flexion
Lifts head briefly
Head to side
Gross Motor Skills: Newborn to 1 month in Supine
Physiological flexion
Rolls partly to side
Gross Motor Skills: Newborn to 1 month in Sitting
Head lag in pull to sit
Gross Motor Skills: Newborn to 1 month in Standing.
Reflex standing and walking
Fine Motor Skills from Newborn to 1 Month:
Regards objects in direct line of sight
Follows moving object to midline
Hands fisted
Arm movements jerky
Movements may be purposeful or random
Gross Motor Skills: 2 to 3 Months in Prone:
Lifts head to 90 degrees briefly
Chest up in prone position with some weight through forearms
Rolls prone to supine
Gross Motor Skills: 2 to 3 Months in Supine
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) influence is strong
Legs kick reciprocally
Prefers head to side
Gross Motor Skills: 2 to 3 Months in Sitting
Head upright, but bobbing
Variable head lag in pull to sitting position
Needs full support to sit
Gross Motor Skills: 2 to 3 Months in Standing
Poor weight bearing
Hips in flexion, behind shoulders
Fine Motor Skills for 2 to 3 Months
Can see farther distances
Hands open more
Visually follows through 180 degrees
Grasp is Reflexive
Uses Palmar grasp reflex.
Gross Motor SKills for 4 to 5 Months in Prone
Bears weight on extended arms
Pivots in prone to reach toys
Gross Motor SKills for 4 to 5 Months in Supine
Rolls from supine to side position
Plays with feet to mouth
Gross Motor SKills for 4 to 5 Months in Sitting
Head steady in supported sitting position
Turns head in sitting position
Sits alone for brief periods
Gross Motor SKills for 4 to 5 Months in Standing
Bears all weight through legs in supported standing
Fine Motor Skills for 4 to 5 Months
Grasps and releases toys
Uses ulnar- palmar grasp
Gross Motor Skills 6 to 7 Months in Prone:
Rolls from supine to prone position
Holds weight on one hand to reach for toy
Gross Motor Skills 6 to 7 Months in Supine
Lifts head
Gross Motor Skills 6 to 7 Months in Sitting
Lifts head and helps when pulled to sitting position
Gets to sitting position without assistance
Sit independently
Gross Motor Skills 6 to 7 Months in Mobility
May crawl backward
Fine Motor Skills for 6 to 7 Months
Approaches objects with one hand.
Arm in neutral when approaching toy
Radial- palmar grasp
“Rakes” with fingers to pick up small objects
Voluntary release to transfer objects between hands.
Gross Motor Skills for 8 to 9 Months in Prone:
Gets into hands- knees position
Gross Motor Skills for 8 to 9 Months in Supine
Does not tolerate supine position
Gross Motor Skills for 8 to 9 Months in Sitting
Moves from sitting to prone position
Sits without hand support for longer periods
Pivots in sitting position
Gross Motor Skills for 8 to 9 Months in Standing
Stands at furniture
Pulls to stand at furniture
Lowers to sitting position from supported stand
Gross Motor Skills for 8 to 9 Months in Mobility.
Crawls forward
Walks along furniture (cruising)
Fine Motor Skills for 8 to 9 Months:
Develops active supination
Radial- digital grasp develops
Uses inferior pincer grasps
Extends wrist actively
Points with index finger
Pokes with index finger
Release of objects is more refined
Takes objects out of container
Fine Motor Skills for 10 to 11 months:
Fine pincer grasp developed
Puts objects into container
Grasps crayon adaptively
Gross Motor Skills from 10 to 11 Months: in Standing
Stands without support briefly
Pulls to stand using half- kneel intermediate position
Picks up object from floor from standing with support
Gross Motor Skills from 10 to 11 Months in Mobility
Walks with both hands held
Walks with one hand held
Creeps on hands and feet (bear walk)
Gross Motor Skills for 12 to 15 months:
Walks without support
Fast walking
Walks sideways
Bends over to look between legs
Creeps or hitches upstairs
Throws ball in sitting
Fine Motor Skills from 12 to 15 months
Marks paper with crayon
Builds tower using two cubes
Turns over small container to obtain contents
Gross Motor Skills for 16 to 24 Months
Squats in play
Walks backward
Walking upstairs and downstairs with on hand held using both feet on step
Propels ride- on toys
Kicks ball
Throws Ball
Throws ball forward
Picks up toy from floor without falling
Fine Motor Skills from 16 to 24 Months:
Folds paper
Strings beads
Stacks six cubes
Imitates vertical and horizontal strokes with crayon on paper
Holds crayon with the thumb and fingers
Gross Motor Skills for 2 Years
Rides tricycle
Walks on tiptoe
Runs on toes
Walk downstairs alternating feet
Catches large ball
Hops on one foot
Fine Motor Skills for 2 years:
Turn knob
Open and closes jar
Able to button large buttons
Uses child- size scissors with help
Does 12 to 15 piece puzzles
Folds paper or clothes
Gross Motor Skills of Preschool Age (3 to 4 Years)
Throws ball 10 feet
Walks on a line 10 feet
Hops 2- 10 times on one foot
Jumps distances of up to two feet
Jumps over obstacles up to 12 inches
Throws and catches small ball
Runs fast and avoids obstacles
Fine Motor Skills for Preschool Age (3 to 4 Years)
Controls crayons more effectively
Copies a circle or cross
Matches colors
Cuts with scissors
Draws recognized human figures with head and two extremities
Draws squares
May demonstrate hand preference
Gross Motor Skills for Early School Age (5 to 8 Years)
Skips on alternate feet
Gallops
Can play hopscotch, balance on one foot, controlled hopping, and squatting on one leg
Jumps with rhythm, control (jump rope)
Bounces large ball
Kicks ball with greater control
Limbs growing faster than trunk allowing greater speed, leverage.
Fine Motor Skills for Early School Age (5 to 8 years)
Hand preference is evident
Prints well, starting to learn cursive writing
Able to button small buttons
Gross Motor Skills for Later School Age (9 to 12 years)
Mature patterns of movement in throwing, jumping, running
Competition increases, enjoys competitive games
Improved balance, coordination, endurance, attention span
Boys may develop preadolescent fat spurt
Girls may develop prepubescent and pubescent changes in body shape (hips, breast)
Fine Motor Skills for Later School Age (9 to 12 years)
Develops greater control in hand usage
Learns to draw
Handwriting is developed
Gross motor skills of Adolescence (13 Years +)
Rapid growth in size and strength, boys more than girls
Puberty leads to changes in body proportion, center of gravity rises toward shoulders for boys, lowers to hips for girls.
Balance and coordination skills, eye- hand coordination, endurance may plateau during growth spurt
Fine Motor Skills of Adolescence (13 Years+)
Develops greater dexterity in fingers for fine tasks (knitting, sewing, art, crafts)
