DEVELOPMENTAL FOR Flashcards
The multidisciplinary study of how people change and how they remain the same over time.
Human Development
Who: Psychoanalytic Theory
○ Freud’s Theory
○ Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
who: Cognitive theory
○ Jean Piaget
○ Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive
Theory
○ Information-Processing Theory
Who: Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories
○ B.F Skinner
○ Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Who: Ecological Theory
○ Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
According to Freud, the structures of the mind are empowered by the __
Libido
According to Freud, the structures of the mind are broken into 3 components:
- ID
- EGO
- SUPEREGO
This structure is present at birth (born with it) and contains all our basic instincts as our needs for food, water, dry clothes and love (nurture). It strives to secure pleasure.
ID
The usually rational part of our personality. Does the planning and keeps up in touch with reality. It starts to develop at birth. The stronger the EGO becomes, the more successful the person becomes.
EGO
Acts as a conscience—dictates what is
wrong or right. It develops during infancy.
SUPEREGO
EXAMPLE OF THEORIES FOR DEVELOPMENT:
1. I am broke
2. I will rob a bank
3. That is wrong
- ID
- EGO
- SUPEREGO
The mouth is the pleasure center. The
function is to gain the appropriate amount of sucking, eating, biting, and talking.
Oral stage
➔ The anus is the pleasure center.
➔ The function is to gain successful toilet
training.
➔ The anus becomes the focus of reward or
punishment.
Anal stage ( 1 1/2 to 3 years old)
➔ Purpose is to develop a healthy interest in
sexuality towards the opposite gender.
➔ Child focuses on the differences between
the genders, especially genitalia.
➔ The child finds his/her opposite parent
fascinating and may reject his/her same-gender parent
Phallic Stage (3-5 years old)
Father-Daughter:
Electra complex
Mother-son
Oedipal complex
➔ Focuses on same-gender relationship
➔ Children treat opposite gender playmates
with disdain
➔ Sexual interest is mostly dominant, but
begins to emerge as the child approaches
puberty
➔ Children tend to play with their same gender
until around age 10
Latency Stage (age: 5-12 years old)
➔ A surge of hormones brings about a return
to the phallic stage, but teenagers know that
parental attraction is taboo
➔ The fixation is no longer on parents, but on
individuals of their own age who are the opposite gender
Genital Stage (age: 12 years and older)
It is the unconscious blocking of
unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and
impulses
Repression
○ Voluntary postponement of focusing of attention on an impulse which has reached conscious awareness
○ returning to a earlier form of expressing an impulse
Suppression
○ rechanneling an impulse into a more
socially desirable behavior
Sublimation
● Blocking out or disowning
painful thoughts or feelings.
Denial
ego defense mechanism that transfers the drive, attitude, or behavior that cause an anxiety to others
Projection
Transfer of negative
emotions from one person or thing to an unrelated person or thing
Displacement
Offering rational explanations in an attempt to justify atitudes, beliefs, or behavior that may otherwise be unacceptable
Rationalization
Expressing an impulse by its
opposite
Reaction Formation
Accepting another person’s attitudes, beliefs, and values as one’s own
Introjection
Adjustment mechanism
which enables one to achieve satisfaction from the successes of other people, groups, or organization
Identification
● Psychologically
counterbalancing perceived by emphasizing strength in other areas
Compensation (mature)
● Undertaking an academic,
unemotional study of a topic
Intellectualization
