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DENT 317 - Oral Pathology > Developmental Disturbances of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region > Flashcards

Developmental Disturbances of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region Flashcards

1
Q

Define macule

A

A focal area of color change which is not elevated or depressed in relation to its surroundings

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2
Q

Define papule

A

A solid, raised lesion which is less than 5 mm in diameter

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3
Q

Define nodule

A

A solid, raised lesion which is greater than 5 mm in diameter

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4
Q

Define sessile

A

Describing a tumor or growth whose base is widest part of the lesion

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5
Q

Define pedunculated

A

Describing a tumor or growth whose base is narrower than the widest part of the lesion

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6
Q

Define papillary

A

Describing a tumor or growth exhibitnig numerous surface projections

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7
Q

Define verrucous

A

Describing a tumor or growth exhibiting a rough, warty surface

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8
Q

Define vesicle

A

A superficial blister, 5 mm or less in diameter, usually filled with clear fluid

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9
Q

Define bulla

A

A large blister, greater than 5 mm in diameter

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10
Q

Define pustule

A

A blister filled with purulent exudate (pus)

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11
Q

Define ulcer

A

A lesion characterized by loss of the surface epithelium and frequently some of the underlying connective tissue. It often appears depressed or excavated

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12
Q

Define erosion

A

A superficial lesion, often arising secondary to rupture of a vesicle or bulla, that is characterized by partial or total loss of surface epithelium

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13
Q

Define fissure

A

A narrow slit like groove

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14
Q

Define plaque

A

A lesion that is slightly elevated and is flat on its surface

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15
Q

Define petechia

A

A round pinpoint hemorrhage

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16
Q

Define ecchymosis

A

A non-elevated area of hemorrhage, larger than a petechia (a bruise)

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17
Q

Define telangiectasia

A

A vascular lesion caused by dilatation of a small superficial blood vessel

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18
Q

Define a cyst

A

A pathologic epithelium-lined cavity, often filled with liquid or semi-solid contents (histologic diagnosis)

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19
Q

Define unilocular

A

Describing radiolucent lesion having a single compartment

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20
Q

Define multilocular

A

Describing a radiolucent lesion having several or many compartments

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21
Q

7 types of cleft lip and cleft palate

A
  • Incomplete cleft lip
  • Complete cleft lip
  • Bilateral cleft lip
  • Cleft uvula
  • Incomplete cleft palate
  • Unilateral cleft lip and palate
  • Bilateral cleft lip and palate
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22
Q

When to surgically repair cleft lip

A

During first month

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23
Q

When to surgically repair cleft palate

A

During first 18 months

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24
Q

4 characteristics of congenital lip pits

A
  • Located in paramedial portion of upper or lower lip, or labial commissure
  • Unilateral or bilateral
  • Blind 1-3 mm pore or pit
  • Requires no treatment
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25
Q

3 characteristics of double lip

A
  • Redundant mucosal tissue seen as a horizontal fold
  • Congenital or acquired
  • No treatment required
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26
Q

3 components of Ascher syndrome

A
  • Double lip
  • Blepharochalasis
  • Non-toxic goiter
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27
Q

3 characteristics of frenal tag and treatment

A
  • Maxillary labial frenum
  • Redundant tissue seen as a 1-2 mm papule
  • No treatment required
  • Recommend observation
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28
Q

Define anyloglossia

A

Restriction of the tongue by an abnormally short and anteriorly positioned lingual frenum

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29
Q

2 potential consequences of ankyloglossia

A
  • May interfere with speech
  • May attach to the gingiva and cause gingival recession
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30
Q

Treatment for ankyloglossia

A

Excision - electrocautery

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31
Q

3 syndromes in which macroglossia is congenital

A
  • Down
  • Beckwith-Wiedemann
  • MENIII
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32
Q

5 conditions in which macroglossia is secondary

A
  • Hemangioma
  • Lymphangioma
  • Amyloidosis
  • Acromegaly
  • Congenital hypothyroidism
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33
Q

Diagnose

A

Lymphangioma

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34
Q

Diagnose

A

Hemangioma

35
Q

Diagnose

A

Amyloidosis

36
Q

Define fordyce granules

A

Collections of sebaceous glands

37
Q

4 characteristics of fordyce granules

A
  • Bilateral buccal mucosa and upper lip
  • Multiple small 1-2 mm yellowish submucosal dots
  • Normal
  • Adenomatous hyperplasia may occur and be seen as a larger yellow papule
38
Q

4 characteristics of leukedema

A
  • Buccal mucosa bilaterally
  • Asymptomatic
  • Translucent, grayish-white, filmy appearance
  • Due to accumulation of intracellular fluid (edema) and glycogen
39
Q

How to diagnose leukedema

A
  • Perform the stretch test
  • Leukedema should disappear or be greatly reduced
  • If not, think leukoplakia
40
Q

5 characteristics of white sponge nevus

A
  • Genodermatosis
  • Autosomal dominant inheritance
  • Asymptomatic white shaggy lesion
  • Bilateral, typically affecting the buccal mucosa
  • May involve the esophageal, anal, vulvar and vaginal mucosa
41
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of white sponge nevus

A
  • Diagnosis can be confirmed with a smear stained with the PAP stain
  • No treatment necessary
42
Q

4 characteristics of lingual thyroid nodule

A
  • Rare
  • Mass of thyroid tissue on midposterior dorsum of tongue
  • Failure of migration
  • Females = puberty and adolescence
43
Q

Management of lingual thyroid nodule

A

Before excision determine if there is function tissue in the neck (I-131 scan)

Possible synthroid required?

44
Q

Define oral tonsil

A

Intraoral lymphoid tissue

45
Q

Components of the Waldeyer ring

A

Palatine + adenoids + lingual tonsils

46
Q

Define lingual tonsils

A

Intraoral lymphoid tissue on the posterior lateral borders of the tongue

47
Q

Define foliate papillitis

A

Condition in which the tonsils may become hyperplastic in response to infection or inflammation

48
Q

Define retrocuspid papilla

A

2 - 4 mm slightly raised area of mandibular alveolar mucosa lingual to the cuspids

49
Q

5 characteristics of hemifacial hypertrophy

A
  • Significant unilateral enlargement of face involving facial soft tissues, bone and teeth
  • Increased neurovascular supply?
  • Hypertrichosis, enlarged fungiform papilla
  • Malocclusion
  • +/- Wilm’s tumor
50
Q

Define hemifacial atrophy (5 characteristics)

A
  • Progressive decrease in the size of one side of the face
  • Due to ?Nerve dysfunction, trauma, infectoin, unilateral progressive systemic sclerosis
  • Begins in 1st or 2nd decade
  • Skin, muscle and bone affected
  • Hyperpigmented skin, furrow midline forehead
51
Q

Define osteoporotic bone marrow defect

A

Ill-defined radiolucency in an edentulous area of the mandible previously occupied by a tooth. Asymptomatic - no swelling

52
Q

Management of osteoporotic bone marrow defect

A

Biopsy/ curettage

53
Q

Define stafne bone defect

A

Lingual mandibular salivary gland depression. A developmental concavity of the mandible that forms around an accessory lobe of submandibular salivary gland

54
Q

Radiographic appearance of stafne bone defect

A

Well circumscribed BELOW the mandibular canal

55
Q

Describe how hyperplasia of salivary gland tissue occurs

A

When an edentulous space has been present for many years and the soft tissues and underlying salivary tissue protrudes into the space.

Asymptomatic; tissue is soft

56
Q

Location of nasopalatine duct cyst

A

Developmental intraosseous cyst (teeth vital) in the midline anterior palate

57
Q

Origin of nasopalatine duct cyst

A

Rests from embryonic nasopalatine duct

58
Q

Radiographic appearance of nasopalatine duct cyst

A

Well circumscribed oval/heart shaped radiolucency

59
Q

Treatment of nasopalatine duct cyst

A

Surgical enucleation

60
Q

location of cust of the incisive papilla

A

Entirely in soft tissue

NOTE: No radiographic findings

61
Q

Location of nasiolabial cyst

A

In soft tissues of anterior mucobuccal fold beneath ala of the nose (Klestadt cyst)

NOTE: Rare - occur in 4th or 5th decade

62
Q

Origin of nasolabial cyst

A

Remnants of nasolacrimal duct

63
Q

Treatment for nasolabial cyst

A

Surgical enucleation

64
Q

2 types of lymphoepithelial cysts

A
  • Oral lymphoepithelial cysts
  • Cervical lymphoepithelial cysts (branchial cleft cyst)
65
Q

Locations of oral lymphoepithelial cysts

A
  • Develops where oral tonsils are found
    • Anterior floor of mouth
    • Posterior lateral border of tongue
    • Soft palate
    • Oropharynx
66
Q

Describe appearance of oral lymphoepithelial cysts

A
  • Asymptomatic
  • 5 mm yellowish or tan submucosal mass
67
Q

Treatment for oral lymphoepithelial cysts

A

Conservartive surgical excision

68
Q

Location of cervical lymphoepithelial cysts

A

Lateral aspect of the neck, usually anterior to the SCM muscle –> epithelium (salivary gland) in lymphoid nodes

69
Q

Describe the presentation of cervical lymphoepithelial cysts

A
  • Late childhood/early adulthood onset
  • Painless swelling +/- draining fistula
  • Squamous cell carcinoma does not arise in lymphoepithelial cysts - if present, suspect metastatic carcinoma
70
Q

Treatment for cervical lymphoepithelial cysts

A

Surgical excision

71
Q

Describe the presentation of parotid lymphoepithelial cysts

A
  • Multiple parotid cysts
  • Cervical lymphadenopathy
72
Q

Disease to suspect in presence of parotid lymphoepithelial cysts

A

HIV

73
Q

Location of thyroglossal tract cyst

A
  • Anywhere from base of tongue to anterior midline of neck
  • Mostly below hyoid bone

NOTE: Children and young adults; may contain thyroid tissue

74
Q

Treatment for thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Surgical excision - Sistrunk procedure - removal of portion of hyoid bone to reduce likelihood of reoccurence

75
Q

Location of dermoid cyst

A

Around skin of eyes, upper neck or floor of mouth

76
Q

Describe the presentation of dermoid cyst

A
  • Teenagers
  • Cystic teratoma
  • Painless mass of doughy consistency
77
Q

Treatment for dermoid cyst

A

Surgical excision

78
Q

Define epidermoid cyst

A
  • “Sebaceous” cyst of skin
  • Lined by stratified squamous epithelium
  • Occasional intraoral cases
79
Q

Location of surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla

A

Intraboney cyst near the floor of the maxillary sinus

80
Q

Cause of surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla

A

Iatrogenic due to Caldwell-Luc operation –> maxillary sinus lining that becomes implanted in bone

81
Q

Radiographic appearance of surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla

A

Well circumscribed radiolucency

82
Q

Treatment for surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla

A

Surgical management

83
Q

Location of heterotopic oral gastrointestinal cyst

A

Tongue or floor of mouth (rare)

NOTE: Infants and children

84
Q

Treatment for heterotopic oral gastrointestinal cyst

A

Excision

DENT 317 - Oral Pathology (6 decks)

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