Abnormalities of Teeth Flashcards
3 causes of focal enamel hypoplasia
Idiopathic
Caries
Trauma
Describe Turner’s tooth
When caries or trauma in a deciduous tooth results in an infection of the developing tooth bud, causing enamel hypoplasia (Turner’s hypoplasia; usually affecting the permanent bicuspids)
Which teeth would be affected by generalized enamel hypoplasia manifesting in the 1st year?
Incisors
Cuspids
First molars
Which teeth would be affected by generalized enamel hypoplasia manifesting at age three?
Premolars
Second and third molars
Most common disturbance in enamel
Fluorosis
2 enamel disturbances due to Syphilis
Hutchinson’s incisors
Mulberry Molars
Period of development for the crowns of deciduous teeth
Week 14 in utero to 12 months old
Period of development of the crowns of permanent teeth
6 months to 15 years old
Define fluorosis
Excessive fluoride during tooth development
Period of development during which fluorosis may occur in order to affect the enamel of permanent teeth
After birth and before 6 years
Effect of fluorosis
Enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification
3 physical appearances of fluorosis
- White enamel spots
- Mottle brown areas and white spots
- Pitted irregular discolored enamel
Define molar-incisor-hypomineralization
Hypomineralization of one to four permanent first molars, incisors are affected frequently. May fracture or become carious
Describe the appearance of molar-incisor hypomineralization
White/yellow or brown enamel
Bacteria causing syphilis
Treponema pallidum (a spirochete)
3 types of post-developmental loss of tooth structure
- Attrition
- Erosion
- Abfraction
Define attrition
Loss of tooth structure due to the mechanical action of mastication
2 pathologic causes of attrition
Bruxism
More abrasive diets
Effect of attrition on dentin
Formation of tertiary or reparative dentin
Define abrasion
Abnormal loss of tooth structure due to friction
5 potential causes of abrasion
- Toothbrushes
- Toothpastes
- Toothpicks
- Dental floss
- Pipe smokrs who chew on stem of pipe
Define erosion
Loss of tooth structure due to non-bacterial chemical causes
2 causes of erosion on labial surfaces of teeth
Citrus fruits
Carbonated beverages
3 causes of erosion on lingual surfaces of teeth
Bulimia
Chronic vomiting
Pregnancy (morning sickness)
Occupational cause of erosion
Welders (acidic gases inhaled through the mouth)
Define abfraction
Loss of tooth structure from occlusal stresses (cracked enamel is then lost through erosion or abrasion)
Define internal resorption as a form of tooth loss
Form of tooth loss that begins in the pulp (idiopathic)
Describe the appearance of a tooth having undergone internal resorption
Tooth may start to develop a pink color
Treatment of tooth affected by internal resorption
Obtain radiograph –> root canal in time may prevent tooth from being lost
Define external resorption as a form of tooth loss
Loss of tooth structure that begins on the surface
6 potential causes of external resorption
- Idiopathic if cervical
- Mid-root = trauma
- Apex = inflammatory
- Impacted teeth may undergo resorption
- Orthodontic movements
- Transplanted or re-implanted teeth
Define ankylosis
Fusion of cementum or dentin to bone after loss of periodontal membrane
Tooth most commonly affected by ankylosis
Primary second molar (may lead to submerged deciduous molar)
Potential effect of tetracylcine on teeth
Yellowish-brown intrinsic discoloration of teeth (incorporated into bone and enamel); fluorescent under U-V light
When should tetracylcine not be used in order to avoid tooth discoloration
Do not use in pregnant women in second and third trimester and until age seven
Define congenital porphyria
Excessive porphyrins in blood
2 effects of congenital porphyria
Pinkish brown teeth that fluoresce bright scarlet with U-V light
Skin = photosensitivity
2 effects of biliary atresia
Elevated bilirubin
Dark green teeth
Define erythroblastosis fetalis
Hemolytic anemia due to Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus causing maternal antibodies to form
Effects of erythroblastosis fetalis on teeth
Bluish-green to yellowish grey teeth (deciduous only)
2 types of disturbances of tooth size
Microdontia (true/relative)
Macrodontia (true/relative)
Cause of true generalized microdontia
Pituitary dwarfism
Cause of relative generalized microdontia
Big jaws
First and seconf most common examples of localized microdontia
Peg lateral
Maxillary third molar
Example of a supernumary microdont
4th molar
Cause of true generalized macrodontia
Pituitary gigantism
Tooth most commonly affected by localized macrodontia
Mandibular 3rd molars
2 conditions that may result in macrodontia
Hemifacial hypertrophy
Oculo-facial-cardio-dental syndrome