Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability Flashcards
Developmental Delay
Delay in emergence of 1 or more developmental skills as
measured by appropriate diagnostic instruments
– Gross motor
– Fine motor
– Language & Communication
– Social skills
– Adaptive & Self Help
Isolated delay may…
resolve as child grows and develops
Mild delays often signal…
increased risk of later academic or
behavioral difficulties by school age
Does a person with down syndrome mean they have developmental delay?
No, They could be but you have to look into the condition in account
Global Development Delay: What is it*
Delays in multiple/all domains of development (Combination of gross of fine motor.
Global Development Delay: Why is it called a temporary diagnosis?
May later be diagnosed with intellectual/developmental disability
High-risk conditions that indicate Early Screening
– Prematurity – Low birth weight – Perinatal complications – Chronic physical health conditions – Teratogen exposure – Compromised maternal functioning – Low SES
Developmental Disability
disability is developmental and was diagnosed prior to the age of 21
Intellectual Disability: Definition
Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and
practical skills.
Intellectual Disability: Originates when
This disability originates before the age of 18
Intellectual Disability: IQ score to qualify for diagnosis of ID
70-75 (Average IQ is 100, 2 STD below is 70)
Intellectual Disability: Mild IQ
55-70
Intellectual Disability: Moderate IQ
40-55
Intellectual Disability: Severe IQ
24-40
Intellectual Disability: Profound IQ
Below 25
Intellectual Disability: What it provides and don’t provide
- Diagnosis provides access to state funded services
* Label does not provide information on the individual’s strengths
Intellectual Disability: Conceptual skills
Language and literacy, Money, time & number concepts,
Self-direction
Intellectual Disability: Social skills
Interpersonal skills, Social responsibility, Self-esteem, Gullibility,
Naïveté (i.e., wariness), Social problem solving, Ability to follow
rules/obey laws and to avoid being victimized
Intellectual Disability: Practical skills
Self-care/ADLs, Occupational skills, Healthcare,
Travel/transportation, Schedules/routines, Safety, Use of money, Use of telephone
Intellectual Disability: Mild
social and familial factors
• Environmental factors interact – children of mothers who did not graduate HS
Intellectual Disability: Severe
Severe intellectual disability: biological/genetic origin ( down syndrome, brain bleed)
Intellectual Disability: Prenatal/perinatal
– Chromosomal, genetic, metabolic errors, atypical brain formation,
environmental
– Intrauterine disorders, neonatal disorders
• Prematurity
Intellectual Disability: Postnatal
– Head injury, infection, demyelinating disorders, degenerative
disorders, seizures, toxic-metabolic, malnutrition, environmental
deprivation
Intellectual Disability causes: Causes and how to treat it
- Phenylketonuria (PKU): genetic; lacking enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (found in protein and aspartame.) Tx: changing diet
- Lead poisoning: Prevent baby from eating paint chips
- Rubella (immunization)
- Provide good environment (nursery homes)
Intellectual Disability: Isolated ID
language and nonverbal reasoning skills significantly delayed,
motor skills relatively less affected
Intellectual Disability: CP
Motor impairments more prominent than cognitive impairments
often
Intellectual Disability: Communication Disorders
Expressive/receptive language skills more delayed than nonverbal reasoning
Intellectual Disability: ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)
Social skill impairments and atypical behaviors with cognitive
impairments
Intellectual Disability: Relationship of ID to Motor Development
• Related to severity of ID • Information processing deficit • Memory deficit • Associated medical, developmental deficits, diagnoses – Hearing, vision, cp, medical etc
Intellectual Disability: Fundamental Movement skills (FMS) (3)
- Object control/ball skills/manipulative skills
- Locomotor skills
- Balance and stability skills
They are foundation of everything your child want to do with their life like gaining complex skills with other children.
Intellectual Disability: Children with ID vs. TD children
- Less mastery of FMS
- Delays in FMS
- Less participation related to this (less likely picked for pick up b ball)
Intellectual Disability: Two goals to treat*
Improve FMS and physical fitness
Intellectual Disability: Early Motor Indicators of ID (3)
• Delays
• Regression
– Rett syndrome, Tay-Sachs
• Atypical Behaviors
– ASD
Intellectual Disability: Infant diagnosis vs adult diagnosis
test scores non-predictive of adult IQ
– Measures for infants rely on sensorimotor performance
– May result in inaccurate diagnosis
Intellectual Disability: What predicts adult aged IQ
School aged IQ
Intellectual Disability: Two ways to diagnose
- IQ 2 STD below the mean (75)
2. Adaptive behaviors
Intellectual Disability: Subjects who showed atypical performance on both… and…had significantly lower cognitive test scores at age 1 and 6 yrs and were more likely to be classified as below average at age 6 yrs.
visual- following and auditory-orienting composites
aka visual and auditory attention
Intellectual Disability: 2 important tests of intellectual functioning in determining presence of cognitive impairment and what are they?
1. Intellectual functioning – standardized norm-referenced measures – Administered by Psychologist 2. Assessment of Adaptive Behaviors • Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) • Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
Intellectual Disability: Intellectual Referencing and what happened to it?
• Assumption of child’s ability to benefit from OT/PT made based
on intellectual or communication levels
• Unlawful! Removed from Federal Policy
(meeting a child who is super impaired like in a special ed class, don’t assume they cannot benefit from PT intervention)
Intellectual Disability: Systems approach: what system impairments are there (3)
Musculoskeletal System: flexibility, strength, force production
Neuromotor System: postural control, coordination, balance, efficiency
Cardiorespiratory System: endurance
Intellectual Disability: Systems approach: Most motor problems are related to… (2)
- the pathology that caused
intellectual disability - limited opportunity (other children don’t want to play with that child)
Intellectual Disability: Systems approach: Cognitive impairments may interfere with…
performance of motor skills with complex steps and cognitive components
Intellectual Disability: Learning Considerations for Children with ID
- Often capable of learning a fewer number of things
- need a greater number of repetitions to learn
- have greater difficulty generalizing skills
- Have greater difficulty maintaining skills that are not practiced regularly
- Have slower response times
- Have more limited repertoire of responses
- Learn at a slower rate, commensurate with degree of disability
- Motor learning enhanced by external vs. internal focus when practicing task
Intellectual Disability: Important goals of intervention!
• Increase FMS performance!
• Increase physical fitness!
• Increase participation- communication between providers is
key!
• Encourage independent mobility!
• Provide more opportunities for child and more opportunities
to practice new skills!
