Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability

Question 1

Developmental Delay

Answer 1

Delay in emergence of 1 or more developmental skills as
measured by appropriate diagnostic instruments
– Gross motor
– Fine motor
– Language & Communication
– Social skills
– Adaptive & Self Help

Question 2

Isolated delay may…

Answer 2

resolve as child grows and develops

Question 3

Mild delays often signal…

Answer 3

increased risk of later academic or

behavioral difficulties by school age

Question 4

Does a person with down syndrome mean they have developmental delay?

Answer 4

No, They could be but you have to look into the condition in account

Question 5

Global Development Delay: What is it*

Answer 5

Delays in multiple/all domains of development (Combination of gross of fine motor.

Question 6

Global Development Delay: Why is it called a temporary diagnosis?

Answer 6

May later be diagnosed with intellectual/developmental disability

Question 7

High-risk conditions that indicate Early Screening

Answer 7

– Prematurity
– Low birth weight
– Perinatal complications
– Chronic physical health conditions
– Teratogen exposure
– Compromised maternal functioning
– Low SES

Question 8

Developmental Disability

Answer 8

disability is developmental and was diagnosed prior to the age of 21

Question 9

Intellectual Disability: Definition

Answer 9

Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and
practical skills.

Question 10

Intellectual Disability: Originates when

Answer 10

This disability originates before the age of 18

Question 11

Intellectual Disability: IQ score to qualify for diagnosis of ID

Answer 11

70-75 (Average IQ is 100, 2 STD below is 70)

Question 12

Intellectual Disability: Mild IQ

Answer 12

55-70

Question 13

Intellectual Disability: Moderate IQ

Answer 13

40-55

Question 14

Intellectual Disability: Severe IQ

Answer 14

24-40

Question 15

Intellectual Disability: Profound IQ

Answer 15

Below 25

Question 16

Intellectual Disability: What it provides and don’t provide

Answer 16

• Diagnosis provides access to state funded services

* Label does not provide information on the individual’s strengths

Question 17

Intellectual Disability: Conceptual skills

Answer 17

Language and literacy, Money, time & number concepts,

Self-direction

Question 18

Intellectual Disability: Social skills

Answer 18

Interpersonal skills, Social responsibility, Self-esteem, Gullibility,
Naïveté (i.e., wariness), Social problem solving, Ability to follow
rules/obey laws and to avoid being victimized

Question 19

Intellectual Disability: Practical skills

Answer 19

Self-care/ADLs, Occupational skills, Healthcare,

Travel/transportation, Schedules/routines, Safety, Use of money, Use of telephone

Question 20

Intellectual Disability: Mild

Answer 20

social and familial factors

• Environmental factors interact – children of mothers who did not graduate HS

Question 21

Intellectual Disability: Severe

Answer 21

Severe intellectual disability: biological/genetic origin ( down syndrome, brain bleed)

Question 22

Intellectual Disability: Prenatal/perinatal

Answer 22

– Chromosomal, genetic, metabolic errors, atypical brain formation,
environmental
– Intrauterine disorders, neonatal disorders
• Prematurity

Question 23

Intellectual Disability: Postnatal

Answer 23

– Head injury, infection, demyelinating disorders, degenerative
disorders, seizures, toxic-metabolic, malnutrition, environmental
deprivation

Question 24

Intellectual Disability causes: Causes and how to treat it

Answer 24

• Phenylketonuria (PKU): genetic; lacking enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (found in protein and aspartame.) Tx: changing diet
• Lead poisoning: Prevent baby from eating paint chips
• Rubella (immunization)
• Provide good environment (nursery homes)

Question 25

Intellectual Disability: Isolated ID

Answer 25

language and nonverbal reasoning skills significantly delayed, motor skills relatively less affected

Question 26

Intellectual Disability: CP

Answer 26

Motor impairments more prominent than cognitive impairments | often

Question 27

Intellectual Disability: Communication Disorders

Answer 27

Expressive/receptive language skills more delayed than nonverbal reasoning

Question 28

Intellectual Disability: ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

Answer 28

Social skill impairments and atypical behaviors with cognitive impairments

Question 29

Intellectual Disability: Relationship of ID to Motor Development

Answer 29

``` • Related to severity of ID • Information processing deficit • Memory deficit • Associated medical, developmental deficits, diagnoses – Hearing, vision, cp, medical etc ```

Question 30

Intellectual Disability: Fundamental Movement skills (FMS) (3)

Answer 30

1. Object control/ball skills/manipulative skills 2. Locomotor skills 3. Balance and stability skills They are foundation of everything your child want to do with their life like gaining complex skills with other children.

Question 31

Intellectual Disability: Children with ID vs. TD children

Answer 31

* Less mastery of FMS * Delays in FMS * Less participation related to this (less likely picked for pick up b ball)

Question 32

Intellectual Disability: Two goals to treat*

Answer 32

Improve FMS and physical fitness

Question 33

Intellectual Disability: Early Motor Indicators of ID (3)

Answer 33

• Delays • Regression – Rett syndrome, Tay-Sachs • Atypical Behaviors – ASD

Question 34

Intellectual Disability: Infant diagnosis vs adult diagnosis

Answer 34

test scores non-predictive of adult IQ – Measures for infants rely on sensorimotor performance – May result in inaccurate diagnosis

Question 35

Intellectual Disability: What predicts adult aged IQ

Answer 35

School aged IQ

Question 36

Intellectual Disability: Two ways to diagnose

Answer 36

1. IQ 2 STD below the mean (75) | 2. Adaptive behaviors

Question 37

Intellectual Disability: Subjects who showed atypical performance on both... and...had significantly lower cognitive test scores at age 1 and 6 yrs and were more likely to be classified as below average at age 6 yrs.

Answer 37

visual- following and auditory-orienting composites | aka visual and auditory attention

Question 38

Intellectual Disability: 2 important tests of intellectual functioning in determining presence of cognitive impairment and what are they?

Answer 38

``` 1. Intellectual functioning – standardized norm-referenced measures – Administered by Psychologist 2. Assessment of Adaptive Behaviors • Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) • Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales ```

Question 39

Intellectual Disability: Intellectual Referencing and what happened to it?

Answer 39

• Assumption of child’s ability to benefit from OT/PT made based on intellectual or communication levels • Unlawful! Removed from Federal Policy (meeting a child who is super impaired like in a special ed class, don't assume they cannot benefit from PT intervention)

Question 40

Intellectual Disability: Systems approach: what system impairments are there (3)

Answer 40

Musculoskeletal System: flexibility, strength, force production Neuromotor System: postural control, coordination, balance, efficiency Cardiorespiratory System: endurance

Question 41

Intellectual Disability: Systems approach: Most motor problems are related to... (2)

Answer 41

1. the pathology that caused intellectual disability 2. limited opportunity (other children don't want to play with that child)

Question 42

Intellectual Disability: Systems approach: Cognitive impairments may interfere with...

Answer 42

performance of motor skills with complex steps and cognitive components

Question 43

Intellectual Disability: Learning Considerations for Children with ID

Answer 43

* Often capable of learning a fewer number of things * need a greater number of repetitions to learn * have greater difficulty generalizing skills * Have greater difficulty maintaining skills that are not practiced regularly * Have slower response times * Have more limited repertoire of responses * Learn at a slower rate, commensurate with degree of disability * Motor learning enhanced by external vs. internal focus when practicing task

Question 44

Intellectual Disability: Important goals of intervention!

Answer 44

• Increase FMS performance! • Increase physical fitness! • Increase participation- communication between providers is key! • Encourage independent mobility! • Provide more opportunities for child and more opportunities to practice new skills!