Developmental Coordination Disorder

Question 1

DSM 5- Difficulty with activities that require

Answer 1

motor coordination

Question 2

DSM 5- what does DCD impacts

Answer 2

Impacts Academic achievement or activities of daily living

Question 3

DSM 5- DCD has to be diagnosed when what is ruled out?

Answer 3

Other medical conditions like neurological brain bleed or genetic disorder

Question 4

Prevalence and Associated Ages

Answer 4

5-8% at school age (5-11 years) for general population due to kids at that age historically given challenges like handwriting, socializing and playing with other kids.

Question 5

DCD occur with other other disorders (3)

Answer 5

• ADHD
• ASD
• RD (reading disability)

Question 6

Etiology

Answer 6

• Multiple brain regions and neural networks implicated
– Cerebellum
– Different activation and more activation (FMRI studies on DCD kids have regions lit up that TD kids do not That means they have a hard time from explicit to implicit, making them seem like they are staring over again in a complex motor skill.)

Question 7

Clinical presentation of DCD: development to adulthood

Answer 7

Decreased participation in motor play, leading to depression as adults and cardiovascular problems. They have attention system deficits like for dual tasking

Question 8

Clinical presentation of DCD: Handwriting and how you can improve patients

Answer 8

DCD patient’s handwriting are cramped together and their “in air transitions” are all over the place. AS a PT, you can improve handwriting by improving their UE strength/proximal stability, fine motor skills.

Question 9

Clinical presentation of DCD: Playing skills

Answer 9

• Limited ball playing skills

• Poor targeting skill associated with less moderate to vigorous activity
less running so they get picked to play with less

Question 10

Clinical presentation of DCD: Other areas of difficulty

Answer 10

• Performance IQ (i.e. Block Design) < verbal IQ

• Executive function deficits
– Specific difficulties with reaction time
• Slow, less accurate performance
( messy eating)

Question 11

DCD Individuals’ performance with

intra-task variability

Answer 11

DCD kids don’t get consistent with more practice

Question 12

Children with DCD engage in less moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), results to…

Answer 12

higher BMIs, less strength

– Parental activity patterns and parental perception of child’s motor abilities associated with less MVPA in DCD
– When parents perceived their child’s motor abilities as inferior, children with DCD were less likely to participate in MVPA

Question 13

Impact of coordination difficulties on Life Domains

Answer 13

Coordination differences leads to play differences, leading to difficulty in self care activity, then less peer relations leading to negative self perception, then to negative emotional health

Question 14

Diagnostic measures and their ages (2)

Answer 14

• Movement Assessment Battery for Children – 2nd Edition
(MABC-2)
– 3 years to 16 years

• Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd version
(BOTMP2)
– 4 years to 21 years

Question 15

Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ): age and things they look for

Answer 15

– 5-15 years

– Your child throws a ball in a controlled and accurate fashion.
– Your child catches a small ball (e.g., tennis ball size) thrown from a distance of 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to
2.4 meters).
– Your child hits an approaching ball or birdie with a bat or racquet accurately.
– Your child jumps easily over obstacles found in garden or play environment.

Question 16

Children Participation Questionnaire (CPQ): age and things they look for

Answer 16

– 4 to 6 years
– education, social participation, play, leisure, activities of daily living and
instrumental activities of daily living
– frequency of participation, degree of assistance required, child’s pleasure
in participating, and parental satisfaction from child’s participation

Question 17

DCDDaily: Age and what they look for

Answer 17

– 5 to 8 years

– Self care and self-maintenance, productivity and school, leisure and play

Question 18

DCD child’s gait vs TD (typically developed) child’s

Answer 18

DCD child have more hip flexion and knee flexion to adapt to decreased balance and strength.
DCD child have greater reliance on visual feedback with gait as they walk much slower with no vision
TD child more plantarflexion during toe off

Question 19

DCD children’s attention system

Answer 19

Lack ability to do dual tasks . They cannot drive as adults

Question 20

DCD children’s posture and muscle tone

Answer 20

Usually more flexed forward posture

Low muscle tone

Question 21

DCD children’s cardiovascular endurance

Answer 21

Needing a long break

Question 22

PT intervention: Task training (2)

Answer 22

• Task Specific Training
– Neuromotor Task Training
• Dual Task – consider attentional requirements in all
interventions

Question 23

PT intervention: Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP), what does it based on, how to help child problem solve.

Answer 23

• Based on model of learning
• Explicit problem solving (give child internal cues to many ways to slave the task.
• Goal–Plan—Do—Check (access the problem solving, if goal achieved, then make new goal)

Question 24

PT intervention: Group vs. Individual Sports

Answer 24

Individual sport will last longer as not everyone will have time to play with you and helps child to engage at that as adults.
In group sport, it is better for kid to participate in positions of least attentional demand like being a soccer goalie.

Question 25

PT intervention: what other trainings to consider (2)

Answer 25

• Fitness Training

* Gait Training

Question 26

Samantha is a 7-year-old girl with a diagnosis of DCD. She has a hard time playing group sports during recess and is feeling left out.
STG?

Answer 26

In 3 months, Sam will be able to pass the ball with her teammates with accuracy ten out of ten times to participate with her classmates.