Developmental and Life-Course Theories / Chapter 14

Question 1

Developmental and Life-Course theories focus on the fact that crime rates vary with ___.

Answer 1

Age.

Question 2

Prevalence of offending refers to the ________ of the population that offends.

Answer 2

Fraction.

Question 3

Frequency of offending refers to the ____ at which individuals offend.

Answer 3

Rate.

i.e. How often someone offends

Question 4

Moffitt’s development typology assigns antisocial individuals to two groups…

Answer 4

Life-course Persistent and Adolescence-Limited.

Question 5

Lober et al. (1933) put forward 3 pathways of developmental typology…

Answer 5

Authority Conflict pathway, Covert pathway and Overt pathway.

Question 6

Authority Conflict pathway…

Answer 6

Begins early, progresses from stubborn → defiant → authority avoidant.

Question 7

Covert pathway…

Answer 7

Progresses from minor crimes → property damage → moderate delinquency.

Question 8

Overt pathway…

Answer 8

Progresses from aggression → fighting → violence.

Question 9

Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) believe that…

Answer 9

Self-control is developed in childhood and causes antisociality/deviance.

Question 10

Offence rates seem to be state dependent, which means…

Answer 10

They vary with situation and context.

Question 11

Sampson and Laub’s (1993) Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control’s main point is…

Answer 11

Social bonding changes with different turning points in our lives.

Question 12

Some examples of turning points are…

Answer 12

• Getting a job
• Getting married
• Having a child

Question 13

The _____ of crime are the same for all age groups.

Answer 13

Causes.

Question 14

The _________ of the impact of these turning points differ across the life-course.

Answer 14

Magnitude.

Question 15

ICAP stands for…

Answer 15

Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential.

Question 16

ICAP hypothesizes that people are influenced by __________ _________.

Answer 16

Antisocial potential.

Question 17

_____-____ antisocial potential reflects situational

Answer 17

Short-term.

Question 18

____-____ antisocial potential reflects pervasive, developmental causes of crime.

Answer 18

Long-term.

Question 19

Youth typically commit crimes __ ______ and adults typically commit crimes _____.

Answer 19

In groups, alone.

Question 20

Many DLC theorists have argued that we should focus on early _________ and ____________.

Answer 20

Prevention, intervention.