Developmental

Question 1

Functionalist system of thought

Answer 1

Has evolutionary theory as its central characteristic. This theory stressed the importance of studying the mind as it functioned to help the individual adapt to the environment.

Question 2

Psychodynamic orientation

Answer 2

A system of thought that arose out of the clinical work of Freud. These theories stress the role of subconscious conflicts in the development of functioning and personality.

Question 3

Cognitive Structuralist

Answer 3

Cognitive theories of development that emphasize the thinking ability of people (think Piaget)

Question 4

Piaget’s sensorimotor stage (1 of 4)

Answer 4

Birth - 2 years old. Lack object permanence (out of sight out of mind). Primary circular reactions (concerned with body motions). Secondary circular reactions (manipulating objects in environment). Example of these sections would be sucking on objects when hungry.

Question 5

Piaget’s Preoperational stage (2 of 4)

Answer 5

2-7 years old. Develop object permanence. Centration (the tendency to be able to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon). Egocentrism (doesn’t know their sister has a sister). Lacks understanding of Conservation (think tall cup, wide cup). Conservation and egocentrism a type of centration.

Question 6

Piaget’s Concrete operational stage (3 of 4)

Answer 6

7-11 years old. Can conserve and take other perspectives into account. Difficulty with abstract thought.

Question 7

Piaget’s Formal Operations stage (4 of 4)

Answer 7

Adolescence. Begins to “think like a scientist”. These individuals vary a single variable at a time and determine that length affect frequency in Piaget’s pendulum experiment.

Question 8

Jerome Kagan

Answer 8

Conducted longitudinal research study of uninhibited and inhibited temperament in infancy and adolescence to determine if it was predictive of future temperament. Found it was a strong predictor.

Question 9

Separation Anxiety

Answer 9

Protesting the mother’s absence. Think John Bowlby.

Question 10

Kohlberg’s Moral Development Stages

Answer 10

Pre-conventional morality: (I) punishment and obedience (II) Orientation towards reciprocity/instrumental relativist, or you scratch my back I’ll scratch yours.

Conventional phase of morality: (I) “good girl, nice boy” orientation and seeking others approval (II) Law and order orientation where morality is defined as rules of authority.

Post-conventional morality: (I) Social contract orientation , where moral rule ensure greater good (II) universal ethical principals.

Question 11

Diana Baumrind

Answer 11

Parenting styles of discipline: Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive.