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MRCP 1 > Development/Social > Flashcards

Development/Social Flashcards

1
Q

T/F First born children speak later than subsequent children

A

F - First born children speak earlier

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2
Q

T/F Girls speak earlier than boys

A

True

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3
Q

T/F Twins speak earlier than singletons

A

F - Twins speak later

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4
Q

T/F Tongue tie and cleft palate are risk factors for speech delay

A

F - they may affect speech QUALITY though

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5
Q

A 4 year old should be able to give their home address T/F

A

F that is more typical of a 5 year old

Note: 5 years old should also be able to drawn a triangle, dress and undress unaided and write their name and make good cuts with scissors

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6
Q

At what age would you expect a child to have a 100 word vocab?

A

3 yrs

Note: think 3 digits 
3 yr old should also speak in 3-4 word phrases
Match 2 colors
Copy a circle 
Jump
Ride a tricycle
Build a tower of 9 blocks
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7
Q

In a pt with macrocephaly and a strong family history when is reassurance and no further work up appropriate

A

Only if none of the following: neurodevelopmental abnormalities; abnormal growth velocity or macrocephaly >3 sd above average

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8
Q

Causes of toe walking?

A 
Prematurity
Unilateral hip dislocation
Duchenne MD
Spastic CP
Spinal tumors
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9
Q

UA should be performed in all children that present with nocturnal enuresis T/F

A

F - Do not perform urinalysis routinely in children and young people with bedwetting, unless any of the following apply:

  • bedwetting started in the last few days or weeks
  • there are daytime symptoms
  • there are any signs of ill health
  • there is a history, symptoms or signs suggestive of urinary tract infection
  • there is a history, symptoms or signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus.
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10
Q

Waking or lifting children and young people with bedwetting, at regular times or randomly, will promote long‑term dryness. T/F

A

False

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11
Q

First‑line treatment to children and young people whose bedwetting has not responded to advice on fluids, toileting or an appropriate reward system

A

Alarm

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12
Q

Desmopressin is indicated for use in those who have daytime urinary wetting only T/F

A

F

But it can be used in patients who have both daytime and nocturnal enuresis

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13
Q

Desmopressin use is CI in those with sickle cell disease T/F

A

F - but it must be stopped during times of crisis

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14
Q

Desmopressin can be used for nocturnal enuresis for those > 7 yrs only T/F

A

F - can consider in those 5-7 yrs

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15
Q

Roughly how many newborns will have hearing loss?

A

1-2 in 1,000

Note: this number increases to 1 in 100 if they have spent at least 48 hours in special care

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16
Q

Emotional deprivation is a known cause of speech delay T/F

A

T

Other known causes: any type of learning disability, hearing defects, CP, autism, developmental expressive aphasia

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17
Q

When does the Morro reflex disappear?

A

Around 4 months, persistence past 6 months is always abnormal

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18
Q

When does the palmar reflex disappear?

A

Around 3 months

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19
Q

Which is the last of the postural reflexes to develop?

A

Parachute reflex . Develops around 9 months, around the time the baby is learning to balance and sit unsupported.

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20
Q

At what age should a child be able to write their name?

A

5 yrs

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21
Q

At what age should a child with a squint be referred for work up?

A

Over 6 months old. However can wait up to 18 month if transient and only lasting a few seconds

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22
Q

By what age would a neat pincer grasp be demonstrated?

A

By 12 months

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23
Q

Building a tower of three cubes and following a one step command - what age?

A

By 18 months

24
Q

In a patient with nocturnal enuresis and only a partial response to desmopressin the next medication is imipramine T/F

A

F - imipramine is used for this; but first should try to add an anticholingeric.

Note: anticholinergic should not be used for those with nocturnal enuresis without daytime wetting and it should not be combined with tricyclic therapy.

25
Q

Paiget stages of development of cog abilities?

A

0-2 yrs - sensory motor
2-7 pre operational
7-11 concrete operational
11+ formal operational

26
Q

A children should be referred for a hearing test if they have no single words by what age? And no intelligible speech by what age?

A

18 month for single word
3 yrs for intelligible speech

Other indications: parental concern, strong family history of congenital deafness or bacterial meningitis

27
Q

What age should a child be able to copy a circle

A

3 yrs

28
Q

What age should a child be able to count to 10?

A

4 yrs

Also should be able to copy a cross, draw a person with 3 parts and stand on one foot well

29
Q

Menstrual cycle which comes first follicular phase or luteal?

A

Follicular (d 1-14)

30
Q

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle there is an increase in oestrogen what does this lead to?

A

Increase in LHRH and decrease in FSHRH

31
Q

At what age would a child be expected to fix and follow through 90 degrees in horizontal field?

A

6 weeks

Also: startle to loud noises and smile (but not social)

32
Q

At what age would a child be expected to fix and follow in vertical and horizontal field?

A

12 - 16 weeks

33
Q

A 2 yr old would usually share their toys and play with others? T/F

A

F - this would be more typical of a 4 yr old

A 2 yr old would play alone, “alongside” other children but not with them

34
Q

At what age can a child draw a diamond?

A

7 yrs

A 7 yr old can also write their full name, and write the numbers up to 9

35
Q

At what age can a child draw a person with defined features, such as hands and feet

A

8 yrs

36
Q

At what age can a child write their first name?

A

6 yrs

Should also be able to draw a slanted rectangle

37
Q

When should a child start to show hand preference?

A

18 months

38
Q

When do the first teeth usually erupt in children?

A

Around 6 months

39
Q

At what age should a child pull to sit?

A

6 months

Note: also transferring objects from hand to hand, follow objects with eyes, rolling front to back, babble and laugh, recognise parental voices

40
Q

At what age should a child pivot to reach objects?

A

9 months

Note: also finger feed

41
Q

At what age should a child walk up stairs with support?

A

16-18 months

Note: without support is 24 months

42
Q

At what age should a child be able to bounce and catch a ball?

A

5 yrs

43
Q

At what age should a child be able to pull and push large wheeled toys?

A

2 yrs

Note: should also be able to squat to play with toys on the floor

44
Q

At what age should a child be able to run on tip toes?

A

3 years

45
Q

Up until what age is separation anxiety normal?

A

3-4 yrs of age

Note: equal in boys and girls

46
Q

When should the moro reflex and the stepping reflex persist until?

A

Stepping about 2 months

Moro reflex until about 4 months

47
Q

A child can build a tower of 9 blocks, what age would this be expected?

A

3 yrs

48
Q

Hopping is typical of what age?

A

4 yrs

49
Q

Enuresis is defined as bedwetting past what age?

A

Past 6 yrs old

50
Q

A patient with an IQ of 55 is considered to have what type of intellectual disability?

A

Mild

Note: > 70 normal, 70-50 mild; 49-35 moderate; 34-20 severe; <20 v severe

51
Q

At what age would a pt be expected to start mirroring simple facial expressions such as smiling or frowning?

A

4 months (16 weeks)

52
Q

At what age would you expect a child to wave bye bye?

A

12 months

53
Q

At what age would you expect a child to indicate toilet needs?

A

18 months

54
Q

At what age would you expect a child to finger feed?

A

9 months

Note: also pivots to reach objects

55
Q

At what age should a child be able to say their full name?

A

3 yrs old

56
Q

Around what age should a child have understanding of object permanence?

A

12 months

MRCP 1 (21 decks)

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