Development (Practice Questions) Flashcards
Brijesh is the only male child in his family and has three sisters. He is the only person in his family with the disorder known as “blue-skin-itis”. His mother is a carrier of the gene, and his father is not affected by the disorder. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
A) Sex-linked inheritance, and the gene is carried on the X chromosome
B) Simple dominant-recessive inheritance, and the gene is dominant
C) Sex-linked inheritance, and the gene is carried on the Y chromosome
D) Simple dominant-recessive inheritance, and the gene is recessive
A
Sally asks a toddler and a 2-month old infant to point at their mother in a picture. The toddler can easily find his mother, but the infant does not respond. Sally concludes that at 2 months, infants cannot recognize their mother. What is wrong with her conclusion?
A) Her experiment is not generalizable to other children.
B) Her experiment is unreliable and its results cannot be replicated.
C) The task was too difficult for the infant.
D) The task was too easy for the toddler.
C (due to competence-performance distinction)
Both of Dillan’s parents are homozygous for bushy eyebrows and both of Donna’s parents are homozygous for thin eyebrows. If Dillan and Donna have a child, what is the probability that their child’s genotype will be heterozygous?
A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 0%
A
Which of the following outlines a major difference between a longitudinal and cross-sectional research design?
A) A longitudinal research design provides broad results pertaining to links between old and young individuals, whereas a cross-sectional research design provides specific results at a higher cost.
B) A longitudinal research design is susceptible to selective attrition, whereas a cross-sectional research design is susceptible to generational effects based on the age of the subjects.
C) A longitudinal research design allows researchers to infer developmental changes based on trends, whereas a cross-sectional research design avoids practice effects due to repeated testing.
D) A longitudinal research design involves the same individuals studied repeatedly over an individual’s lifetime, whereas a cross-sectional research design involves individuals studied a limited number of times over a subset of their lifespan.
B
Kenny is an outgoing and approachable 30-year-old man. All his life, he has found other people he meets to be friendly and kind. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
A) According to evocative genotype/environment correlations, Kenny has sought out environments with people of a similar genotype.
B) According to active genotype/environment correlations, Kenny sought out childhood environments based on his genotype.
C) According to passive genotype/environment correlations, Kenny’s genotype has affected the way people act towards him.
D) According to evocative genotype/environment correlations, Kenny’s genotype has affected the way people act towards him.
D
Which option best summarizes the competence-performance distinction?
A) If participants succeed at a task, they certainly have the necessary cognitive abilities.
B) If participants fail at a task, they do not possess the necessary cognitive abilities.
C) If participants succeed at a task, they do not necessarily possess the necessary cognitive abilities.
D) If participants fail at a task, they might still possess the necessary cognitive abilities.
D
Which of the following correctly describes genotype/environment correlations across a lifespan?
A) Passive genotype/environment correlations are most influential later in life.
B) Evocative genotype/environment correlations are influential throughout life.
C) Passive genotype/environment correlations are influential throughout life.
D) Evocative genotype/environment correlations are most influential later in life.
B
Which of the following is true regarding the methods for measuring infant abilities?
A) The high-amplitude sucking method allows for an infant to communicate their preference for a stimulus by decreasing sucking rate.
B) The preference method measures the amount of time an infant attends to different stimuli.
C) Together, event-related potentials and the high-amplitude sucking method both provide information regarding infant preferences.
D) The habituation method is used to determine infant preferences.
B
According to the textbook, which of the following is true regarding neuronal development?
A) Neurogenesis occurs at a constant and steady rate throughout an individual’s lifespan from birth to death.
B) Individuals who are born with cataracts will never achieve vision in both eyes due to lack of visual input during the critical period.
C) During early adolescence, there are dramatic changes in the parietal lobe, the region responsible for self-control, judgment, emotions, and organization
D) Experience-dependent plasticity explains how adults with amblyopia can improve their visual acuity.
D
According to lecture, which of the following regarding the marshmallow test predictions are true?
A) High restraint individuals had higher divorce rates and higher SAT scores
B) High restraint individuals had a higher BMI and higher SAT scores
C) Low restraint individuals had lower drug use and better working memory
D) Low restraint individuals had a higher BMI and worse working memory
D
