Development phases

Question 1

who are the three theroist of development phases

Answer 1

Freud (5 stages)
Piaget (4 stages)
Erickson (8 States)

Question 2

what are the 5 stages of freud?

Answer 2

0-1 years oral -gets gratification through oral activits (thumb sucking, etc). weaning off formula
1-3 anal-toilet training stage
3-6phallic/oedipal-learning difference of sex
6-11 latency-develops defense mechanism
12-18 yrs puberty-genital - reaches full sexual maturity learns how to deal with oposite sex

Question 3

What are piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive theory

Answer 3

sensorimonitor 0-2
preoperational 2-7 years
concrete operations 7-11
formal operations 11-maturity

Question 4

describe piaget’s 1st phase sensorimonitor (0-2 years)

Answer 4

• retains image of objects
• develops primitaive logic w/manipulating objects
• begins intentional actions
• play is imative
• signal meaning (baby sitter comes=mom leaves

Question 5

describe piaget’s 2nd phase preoperational 2-7 years

Answer 5

*language development enables sybolic functioning
*progress from concretism to abstract thinking
* can comprehen past, present, and future
*night terrors
*acquires words, math symbols, music symbols,etc
* magical thinking
* thinking is not generalized but…
1. concertet
2 irreversible
3 egocentric (can’t see other point of view
4. centered on one detail or event

Question 6

describe piaget’s concrete operations theory 7-11 years

Answer 6

• beginning of abstract though
• plays games with rules
• cause/effect relationship understood
• logical implications are understood
• thinking is independent of experience
• thinking is reversible
• rules of logic are developed

Question 7

describe piaget’s 4th phase formal operations 11-maturity

Answer 7

• higher level of abstraction
• construction of ideals
• planning for future
• thinks hypothetically
• de-centers through interactions w/ peers & elders
• assumes adult roles and responsibilities.

Question 8

what are Erickson’s 8 stages of development?

Answer 8

1. trust vs mistrust 0-1
2. autonomy vs. shame 1-3yr
3. initative vs. guilt 3-6 yr
4. industry vs. inferiority 6-13 yr
5. indentity vs role confusion 13-18 yr
6. intimacy vs isolation 18-21 yr
7. generativity vs stagnation 21-65yr
8. ego integrity vs despair 65 +

Question 9

erikson’s 1st and second phase

Answer 9

trust vs. mistrust 0-1 : (feeding) The infant must form a first loving, trustingrelationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust.

autonomy vs shame 1-3 yr: (toilet training) Thechild’s energies are directed toward the development of physical skills,including walking, grasping, and rectal sphincter control. The child learnscontrol but may develop shame and doubt if not handled well.

Question 10

Erikson’s 3rd & 4th phase

Answer 10

initiative vs guilt 3-6 yr: (independence) The child continues to become more assertive and to take moreinitiative, but may be too forceful, leading to guilt feelings.

industry vs. inferiority 6-13 (school) Thechild must deal with demands to learn new skills or risk a sense of inferiority,failure and incompetence.

Question 11

erikon’s 5th and 6th stage

Answer 11

indentify vs role confusion 13-18 yrs: The teenager must achieve a sense of identity in occupation, sexroles, politics, and religion.

intimacy vs isolation 18-21: the young adult must develop intimate relationships or sufferfeelings of isolation.

Question 12

erickson’s 7th and 8th stage

Answer 12

generativity vs stagnation 21-65: Each adult must find some way to satisfy and support the next generation.

ego integrity vs. despair 65+ : The culmination is a sense ofoneself as one is and of feeling fulfilled.

Question 13

What is mahler’s separation (individuation theory)?

Answer 13

1 attachment theory birth - 6months
2separation process
a. differentation 5-6 mnths to 10-12 mnths: alert when awake, outward directed perceptual activity, exploring other faces, transitional objects, discrimination between mom & others, stranger anxiety 8 mnths
b. practicing 7-12 mnths: disengangement from mom and exploring distance from mom, needs to be returned to mom for refueling.
c. rapprochment 15-24 mnths
intense demand for attention, language devel for needs, internalizes rules, sees gender differences, internalizes parent demands
3 object constancy 24-36+ mths
can substitute internal image during absence of love object, memory, unified self image

Question 14

what is Bowlby- Attachment theory

Answer 14

primary social bond between infant and caregiver

1. stranger anxiety -fearful responses 6-8mnths
2. speration anxiety- fearful responses when left by caretaker 12mnths
3. prolonged separation 18 mnths