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T2 - GA II. Unit 1 > Development of the skull > Flashcards

Development of the skull Flashcards

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1
Q

_________: is the protective case of the brain

A

neurocranium

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2
Q

The neurocranium is derived from _____ & ____

A

occipital somites and somitomeres

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3
Q

Somites are derived from ____derm

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

The membranious portion of the neurocranium is derived from the _____

A

neural crest

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5
Q

The chondral portion of the neurocranium is derived from the______

A

neural crest and occipital somites and somitomere

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6
Q

bones of the base of the skull are formed by the _______

A

cartilaginous neurocranium

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7
Q

What is the main difference btw membraneous and cartilaginous neurocranium

A

membraneous: mesenchymal stage –> ossification
cartilaginous: mesenchymal –> cartilage –> bone

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8
Q

_____ neurocranium form the sides and roof of the skull

A

membranous

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9
Q

______: fibrous tissue membrane separating the bones of the calvaria of a newborn

A

fontanels

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10
Q

_____ are soft membranous gaps between the incompletely formed cranial bones

A

fontanels

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11
Q

_____ is the last area of the calvaria to under go ossofication.

This occurs at age: _____

A

anterior fontanelle

closes by 1.5 yrs

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12
Q

The ________ fontanelle closes at 6 months

A

posterior fontanelle

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13
Q

_____ can tell Dr. the degree of hydration of the infant

A

fontanel

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14
Q

_____ can tel a Dr. the progress of growth of the frontal and parietal bones

A

fontanel

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15
Q

_____ can tell a Dr. the level of intracranial pressure

A

fontanel

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16
Q

C.C. if an infant has severse diarrhea the _____ will be depressed

A

fontanel

- bc of dehydration

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17
Q

The anterior fontanel is the future site of the ___

A

bregma

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18
Q

union of the halves of the frontal fontanel begin by the _____ yr

A

second

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19
Q

complete fusion of the fontanel occurs by the end of the ______ yr

A

1st year

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20
Q

Name of the anterolateral frontanel

A

sphenoidal

  • fuses with posterlateral frontanel –> less important clinically
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21
Q

name of Posterolateral frontanel

A

mastoid

22
Q

The viscerocranium is mainly formed by the _________

A

THE FIRST TWO PHARYNGEAL ARCHES

bars of mesechymal tis

23
Q

The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arches is called the ___

A

maxillary process

24
Q

What three bones does the dorsal portion (maxillary process) of the first pharyngeal arches give rise to?

A
  1. maxilla
  2. zygomatic
  3. temporal
25
Q

The ventral portion of the viscerocranium pharyngeal arches gives rise to the _____

A

meckel’s catilage (aka mandibular process)

26
Q

What does the ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch become after birth

A

sphenomandibular lig –> the dorsal tip of this process froms the incus and malleus

27
Q

The incus and malleus is formed from the _______

A

sphenomandibular lig (remanents of the ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arches “meckel’s cartilage”)

28
Q

The second arch cartilage of the dorsal pharyngeal arches gives rise to ____ & ____

A

stapes & styloid

29
Q

The second arch cartilage of the ventral pharyngeal arches gives rise to ____ & ____

A

lesser horn & superior portion of the body of the hyoid bone

30
Q

What embrylogical structure is the hyoid formed from

A

second pharyngeal arch (lesser horn & sup. portion)

third pharyngeal arch

31
Q

At the center of the pharyngeal arches (center of the ventral and dorsal portion) is the _____

A

stomodeum

32
Q

3 reasons that babies have small facial regions

A
  1. small size of the jaw
  2. virtual absence of the paranasal sinuses
  3. underdevelopment of facial bones at birth
33
Q

The small size of a babies ____ contributes to their small facial region

A

jaw

34
Q

The absence of a _____ in babies contributes to a small facial region

A

paranasal sinuses

35
Q

The underdevelopment of the ____ at birth contributes to babies small faces

A

facial bones

36
Q

The ___ of the calvaria allow for the growth of the brain (until about the age of 16)

A

fibrous sutures

37
Q

The paranasal sinuses reach their max size during ____

A

puberty

  • contributes to the shape of the face
38
Q

___ & ___ contribute to the structure of a babies face

A

teeth and paranasal sinuses

39
Q

Sinuses are important in altering the _____ of the face, _______ the skull, and adding ___ to the voice

A

shape of face

lightening of skull

resonance to the voice

40
Q

c.c _____: premature closure of the sutures of the skull

A

craniosynostosis

41
Q

cc: ____: premature closure of the sagittal suture

A

scaphocephaly (dolichocephaly)

42
Q

cc: ___ : premature closure of coronal or lambdoid suture on ONLY one side

A

plagiocephaly–> lopsided head

- plagiarism of one side

43
Q

cc: _____ : premature closure of the entire coronal suture

A

oxycephaly (turricephaly)

44
Q

cc______: failure of the cranial end of the neural tube to close during 4th week of development

A

acrania (meroanencephaly)

45
Q

____ is the absence of the calvaria & portion of the upper brain

A

acrania

“a”-without “crania”-head

46
Q

Acrania occurs when the mother is ____ deficient

A

follic acid

47
Q

cc________: abnormal CNS development; usually results in mentally retardation

A

microcephaly

48
Q

_______ ossification is when the base of the skulls cartilage ossifies

A

endochondral ossification

49
Q

c.c. metopic suture:

A

failure for the anterior fontanel (frontal bone) to completely fuse

50
Q

c.c. caput succedaneum

A

when the scalp/ soft rtissure of the head schanges shape during birth and swells

51
Q

mechels cartilage gives rise to the ____&____

A

incus & malleus

T2 - GA II. Unit 1 (9 decks)

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