Development of the Nervous System, Head and Neck

Question 1

What induces the formation of the neural groove and the neural folds?

Answer 1

Notochord

Question 2

The central nervous system (CNS) will arise from which embryonic structure?

Answer 2

Neural tube

Question 3

The neural ganglia arises from which embryonic structure?

Answer 3

Neural crest

Question 4

The first wave of neural crest cell migration will form?

Answer 4

Chromaffin cells

Question 5

What are the 3 distinctive primary brain vesicles that develop first as the neural canal within the neural tube develops?

Answer 5

1. Prosencephalon (forebrain)
2. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
3. Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 6

They them form five secondary brain vesicles, what are they?

Answer 6

1. Prosencephalon gives rise to
   - telencephalon
   - diencephalon
2. Mesencephalon stays as it is
3. Rhombencephalon gives rise to
   - metencephalon
   - myelencephalon

Question 7

What do the telencephalon develop into?

Answer 7

The right and left cerebral cortex

Question 8

What do the diencephalon develop into?

Answer 8

The thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

Question 9

What do the mesencephalon develop into?

Answer 9

It stays/becomes the midbrain

Question 10

What do the metencephalon develop into?

Answer 10

The pins and cerebellum

Question 11

What do the myelencephalon develop into?

Answer 11

The medulla oblongata

Question 12

What does the rest of the neural tube develop into?

Answer 12

The spinal cord

Question 13

The ependymal lining develops a vascular outgrowth called? What is its function?

Answer 13

The choroid plexus.
It filters blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid that fills and travels through the ventricular system. It leaves the fourth ventricle, surround the CNS, enter the venous system and becomes blood plasma

Question 14

What ventricular system disorder is characterized by an expansion of the lateral and 3rd ventricles but with a normal sized 4th ventricle?

Answer 14

Cerebral aqueduct stenosis

Question 15

The central canal is lined with ependymal cells which are derived from what structure?

Answer 15

Neural tube

Question 16

What structure divides the neural tube and separates the motor from the sensory nuclei?

Answer 16

Sulcus limitans

Question 17

Chiari malformation types 1 and 2 are both characterized by the herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through which orifices of the skull?

Answer 17

Foramen magnum

Question 18

Which midbrain nucleus serves as the relay center for hearing?

Answer 18

Inferior colliculis

Question 19

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland originated from which structure?

Answer 19

Rathke’s pouch

Question 20

What tethers the terminal ends of the spinal cord to the coccygeal vertebrae?

Answer 20

Filum terminale

Question 21

The spinal cord terminates as what structure?

Answer 21

Conus medullaris

Question 22

Though there are various types of Chiari malformations, what is the common factor between them?

Answer 22

There is too little space in the posterior cranial fossa

Question 23

Supporting glial cells are derived from which embryonic layer?

Answer 23

Neuroepithelium

Question 24

What brain structure connects the left and right cortex?

Answer 24

Corpus callosum

Question 25

The olfactory bulb is the extension of what embryonic brain vesicle?

Answer 25

Telencephalon

Question 26

What condition arises when there is a defect in the skull containing the meninges, CSF, ventricular system, and a portion of the cerebellum?

Answer 26

Meningohydroencephalocele

Question 27

Failure of cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles to seperate into left and right parts leads to what condition?

Answer 27

Holoprosencephaly