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ESA4 - Nervous System > Development of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Development of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What induces neurulation?

A

Notochord

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2
Q

What is neurulation?

A

Formation of the neural tube from the ectoderm, following gastrulation

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3
Q

What is the neural plate?

A

Thickening of neuroectoderm

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4
Q

As the lateral edges of the neural plate elevate, what is the depressed mid-region called?

A

Neural groove

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5
Q

How do the neural folds create the neural tube?

A

Approach each other in the midline and fuse to produce the neural tube

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6
Q

What do neural tube defects result from?

A

Failure of the neural tube to close which can occur caudally or cranially

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7
Q

What does a cranial neural tube defect result in?

A

Anencephaly

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8
Q

What does a caudal neural tube defect result in?

A

Spina bifida

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9
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

An accumulation of CSF within the brain

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10
Q

What is rachischisis?

A

Result of failure of neural fold elevation, no neural tube formed

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11
Q

How can NT defects be diagnosed and prevented?

A

USS, raised maternal serum a-fetoprotein (embryonic proteins lead into amniotic fluid in open defects)

Folic acid given pre-conceptually and for the first trimester reduces incidence by 70%

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12
Q

What does the prosencephalon become?

A

Forebrain

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13
Q

What does the mesencephalon become?

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What does the rhombencephalon become?

A

Hindbrain

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15
Q

At 5 weeks of development, five secondary brain vesicles are formed. What are these?

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Metencephalon, myelencephalon (hindbrain)

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16
Q

What is the mature derivative of the telencephalon?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

17
Q

What is the mature derivative of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

18
Q

What is the mature derivative of the mesencephalon?

A

Midbrain

19
Q

What is the mature derivative of the metencephalon?

A

Pons, cerebellum

20
Q

What is the mature derivative of the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla oblongata

21
Q

Is the alar plate sensory or motor?

A

Sensory (dorsal)

22
Q

Is the basal plate sensory or motor?

A

Motor (ventral)

23
Q

What are neural crest cells?

A

Cells of the lateral border of the neuroectoderm tube that become displaced and enter the mesoderm and undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition

24
Q

Give some examples of neural crest derivatives

A

Schwann cells, glial cells, odontoblasts, C cells of thyroid gland, melanocytes, adrenal medulla

25
Q

What is Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

No enteric ganglia - aganglionic megacolon

Blockage, faeces stuck in bowels

ESA4 - Nervous System (3 decks)

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