Development Of The Kidney And Bladder

Question 1

From which mesoderm do the kidneys develop from?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

What are the names given to the two areas where mesoderm does not separate ectoderm and endoderm during gastrulation?

Answer 2

1. Buccopharyngeal membrane

2. Cloacal Membrane

Question 3

Give the names of the 3 kidney systems formed during the organisation of intermediate mesoderm.

Answer 3

1. Pronephros
2. Mesonephros
3. Metanaphros

Question 4

Which of the following is found most cranially?

1. Pronephros
2. Mesonephros
3. Metanaphros

Answer 4

1. Pronephros

Question 5

Which of g following is found most caudally?

1. Pronephros
2. Mesonephros
3. Metanaphros

Answer 5

3. Metanephros

Question 6

What is the function of the pronephros?

Answer 6

It forms a duct that extends from the cervical region to the cloaca and drives the development of the next developmental stage involving the mesonephros.

Question 7

What is a nephrotome?

Answer 7

A prototype nephron that consists of the same as a nephron, just without the loop of henle.

Question 8

What is the urogenital ridge?

Answer 8

A region of intermediate mesoderm giving rise to both the embryonic kidney and the gonads.

Question 9

What is the function of the mesonephros?

Answer 9

It does provide normal kidney function but is more important in driving the development of the metanephros through the mesonephric duct and ureteric bud.

Question 10

What is the function of the ureteric bud?

Answer 10

The ureteric bud produces the collecting system of the mesonephros and is pivotal in its development. Once mature it forms the ureter, where it attaches to the developing bladder in the urogenital sinus.

Question 11

Where does the metanephric kidney first appear?

Answer 11

The pelvic region

Question 12

Describe the movement of the metanephric kidney.

Answer 12

It first appears in the pelvic region and undergoes a caudal to cranial shift, ascending to its final position in the lumbar region.

Question 13

Describe a scenario in which a patient suffers from renal agenesis.

Answer 13

If the ureteric bud fails to interact with intermediate mesoderm, so the kidney doesn’t develop.

Question 14

What terms are given to the medical abnormality of an incorrectly migrated kidney?

Answer 14

• Cake kidney

- Horseshoe kidney

Question 15

How does an ectopic ureteral orifice present in patients?

Answer 15

Incontenance

Question 16

What catalyses the production of the urogenital sinus?

Answer 16

The urorectal septum descends (a wedge of mesoderm)

Question 17

What is the urachus?

Answer 17

A canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetid that joins the umbilical chord.

Question 18

What is the reminder of the urachus called?

Answer 18

Median umbilical ligament

Question 19

Name the 3 parts that the urogenital sinus divides into.

Answer 19

• Largest upper part: Future bladder
• Pelvic
• Phallic

Question 20

Describe the sequence of events that take place in order to develop the inner urinary system in males.

Answer 20

• Mesonephric ducts reach the urogenital sinus
• Urentic buds sprout from the mesonephric ducts
• Smooth musculature appears
• The ureteric bud and the mesonephric duct make separate openings in the urogenital sinus
• The mesonephros duct is maintained and becomes the vas deferrens

Question 21

Describe the sequence of events that take place in order to develop the inner urinary system in females.

Answer 21

• Mesonephric ducts reach the urogenital sinus
• Urentic buds sprout from the mesonephric ducts
• The mesonephric ducts regress and the ureteric buds form an opening in the urogenital sinus

Question 22

Name the 4 divisions of the male urethra.

Answer 22

1. Preprostatic
2. Prostatic
3. Membranous
4. Spongy

Question 23

Which part of the male urethra forms the phallic part of the male anatomy?

Answer 23

Spongy urethra

Question 24

How long, on average, is a male urethra?

Answer 24

15-20cm

Question 25

How long, on average, is a female urethra?

Answer 25

4cm