Development Of The Kidney And Bladder Flashcards
From which mesoderm do the kidneys develop from?
Intermediate mesoderm
What are the names given to the two areas where mesoderm does not separate ectoderm and endoderm during gastrulation?
- Buccopharyngeal membrane
2. Cloacal Membrane
Give the names of the 3 kidney systems formed during the organisation of intermediate mesoderm.
- Pronephros
- Mesonephros
- Metanaphros
Which of the following is found most cranially?
- Pronephros
- Mesonephros
- Metanaphros
- Pronephros
Which of g following is found most caudally?
- Pronephros
- Mesonephros
- Metanaphros
- Metanephros
What is the function of the pronephros?
It forms a duct that extends from the cervical region to the cloaca and drives the development of the next developmental stage involving the mesonephros.
What is a nephrotome?
A prototype nephron that consists of the same as a nephron, just without the loop of henle.
What is the urogenital ridge?
A region of intermediate mesoderm giving rise to both the embryonic kidney and the gonads.
What is the function of the mesonephros?
It does provide normal kidney function but is more important in driving the development of the metanephros through the mesonephric duct and ureteric bud.
What is the function of the ureteric bud?
The ureteric bud produces the collecting system of the mesonephros and is pivotal in its development. Once mature it forms the ureter, where it attaches to the developing bladder in the urogenital sinus.
Where does the metanephric kidney first appear?
The pelvic region
Describe the movement of the metanephric kidney.
It first appears in the pelvic region and undergoes a caudal to cranial shift, ascending to its final position in the lumbar region.
Describe a scenario in which a patient suffers from renal agenesis.
If the ureteric bud fails to interact with intermediate mesoderm, so the kidney doesn’t develop.
What terms are given to the medical abnormality of an incorrectly migrated kidney?
- Cake kidney
- Horseshoe kidney
How does an ectopic ureteral orifice present in patients?
Incontenance
What catalyses the production of the urogenital sinus?
The urorectal septum descends (a wedge of mesoderm)
What is the urachus?
A canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetid that joins the umbilical chord.
What is the reminder of the urachus called?
Median umbilical ligament
Name the 3 parts that the urogenital sinus divides into.
- Largest upper part: Future bladder
- Pelvic
- Phallic
Describe the sequence of events that take place in order to develop the inner urinary system in males.
- Mesonephric ducts reach the urogenital sinus
- Urentic buds sprout from the mesonephric ducts
- Smooth musculature appears
- The ureteric bud and the mesonephric duct make separate openings in the urogenital sinus
- The mesonephros duct is maintained and becomes the vas deferrens
Describe the sequence of events that take place in order to develop the inner urinary system in females.
- Mesonephric ducts reach the urogenital sinus
- Urentic buds sprout from the mesonephric ducts
- The mesonephric ducts regress and the ureteric buds form an opening in the urogenital sinus
Name the 4 divisions of the male urethra.
- Preprostatic
- Prostatic
- Membranous
- Spongy
Which part of the male urethra forms the phallic part of the male anatomy?
Spongy urethra
How long, on average, is a male urethra?
15-20cm
How long, on average, is a female urethra?
4cm
