Development of the Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards
The heart tubes develop from what?
Lateral plate mesoderm of of the embryonic disc
The cephalic and lateral folds of the embryonic disc results to form what?
(happens in 4th week)
A single primitive heart tube
What happens in between week 5 and 8?
The primitive heart tube folds, remodels, septates resulting in seperation of pulmonary and systemic circulation
How does the pulmonary and systemic circulation seperate?
When the primitive heart tube folds, remodels and septates
What is vasculogenesis?
When arterial and venous system undergoes a complex remodelling process
In normal person the aorta is on which side of the spine?
Left side
The persistence of both primitive aortic arches results in what?
Vascular ring encircles both trachea and esophagus, potentially constricting both structures, can get dysphagia and shortness of breath
Dextrocardia
Condition where heart is positioned on right side instead of the left
Situs Inversus
Complete reversal of laterality of thoracic and abdominal contents- asymptomatic when concordance between thoracic and abdominal organs
From top to bottom what are the structures in the heart tube on day 23?
Truncus arteriosus Bulbus cordis Ventricle Artrium Sinus Venosus
What does the sinus venosus form?
Forms the vena cava and becomes incorporated into the right atrium
What develops from the left atrium?
Primitive pulmonary veins develop from the left atrium, become incorporated into left ventricle
Failure of formation of atrial septa results in what defect?
Atrioseptal defect
What divides the atria?
The septum primum and septum secundum
What leads to patent foramen ovale (PFO)?
Failure of fusion of septum primum and secundum after birth
Name two atrial septal defects?
Ostium secundum defects
Patent foramen ovale
Failure of the formation of the endocardial cushions results in what?
Atrioventricular canal defect
What does the formation of endocardial cushions do?
Divides the atrioventricular canal into right and left atrioventricular orifices
Failure of formation of ventricular septum results in what defect?
Ventriculoseptal defect (VSD)
Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of what defects?
Pulmonary stenosis
VSD (ventricular septal defect)
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Failure of close of the ductus arteriosus results in what?
Patent ductus arteriosus
The foramen ovale closes after birth to form what?
Fossa ovalis
