Development of the Genital System Flashcards
1
Q
- What structures of the urogenital system are from intermediate mesoderm?
A
- Neprhogenic cord-forms kidney
- Urogenital ridge mesenchyme
2
Q
- Coelomic epithelium
A
- Outer somatic mesoderm lining the urogenital (gonadal) ridge
- Gives rise to primary sex cords
3
Q
- Sex cords will become the _ and _ of the gonads
A
- Cortex
- Medulla
4
Q
- Allantois and yolk sac are _ structures
- What types of cells are located in this structure and from what embryological germ layer do these derive from?
A
- Endodermal
- Primordial germ cells (coming from epiblast-made of ectoderm)
5
Q
- The sertoli cells of the male produce _ and are made from what embryological germ layer
A
- AMH (anti-mullerian hormone)
- Coelomic epithelial cells
6
Q
- The _ cells of the male produce _ and _ which aid in the production of male external genetalia
A
- Leydig cells
- Testosterone, DHT
7
Q
- The follicle cells of the female come from what embryological germ layer?
- The thecal cells of the female come from what embryological germ layer?
A
- Coelomic epithelium
- Intermediate mesoderm
8
Q
Primordial germ cells arise from the _ during week 2
These cells migrate through the _ during week 3 and reside in the yolk sac and allantois
Migrate via _ during the 5th week
Colonize sex cords during week _
A
- Epiblast
- Primitive streak
- Dorsal mesentary
- 6
9
Q
How many oogonia are present during the following time periods:
- 5th prenatal month
- Birth
- Puberty
- Released
- Cell phases during:
- Ovulation
- Fertilization
A
- 5th prenatal month-6 million
- Birth-1 million
- Puberty-40,000
- Released-400
- Ovulation-Meosis I
- Fertilization-Meosis II
10
Q
- What is the central event for sex determination?
- What are the secondary events for sex determination?
A
- Differentiation of testes
- Production of humoral factors by gonads
11
Q
- The SRY gene are DNA binding proteins that are called _
A
- TDF (testis determining factor)
12
Q
- SRY present:
- Leydig cells produce _ and _ which helps with persistance of _
- Sertoli cells produce _ which leads to degeneration of _
A
- Testosterone and DHT, mesonephric duct
- AMH, paramesonephric duct
13
Q
- SRY absent
- Thecal cells do not produce _ and leads to degeneration of _
- Follical cells do not produce _ and leads to persistance of _
A
- Testosterone/DHT, mesonephric duct
- AMH, paramesonephric duct persists (internal female genitalia)
14
Q
- _ ridge appears on the medial side of the mesonephros
- Primary sex cords give rise to the _
- Secondary sex cords give rise to the _
- _ cells invade gonadal ridge by week 6 and migrate along dorsal mesentary
- _ sex cords degenerates in females but persists in males
A
- Gonadal ridge
- Medulla
- Cortex
- Primordial germ
- Primary
15
Q
- The primary sex cords come from _
- They form what structures in the male?
- Connective tissue becomes what structures?
A
- Celomic epithelium
- Seminiferous tubules
- Sertoli Cells (surface epithelium)
- Connective tissue becomes:
- Leydig Cells
- Tunica Albuginea
16
Q
- The secondary sex cords form what structures in the female?
- Thecal cells come from what embryological germ layer? (be specific)
- Active mitosis of oogonia occurs during fetal life producing _ follicles
A
- Primordial follicles, Granulosa Cells
- Intermediate mesoderm
- primordial
17
Q
- Leydig cells help form what structures (from mesonephric duct)?
A
- Epididymis
- Ductus deferens
- Seminal Vesicle
- Ejaculatory Duct
18
Q
- What structures do the mesonephric tubules form?
A
- Efferent ducts
- Rete testes
19
Q
- What are some structures that may persist in the male ductal system?
A
- Utriculus prostaticus-appendix on seminal vesicle (remnant of paramesonephric duct)
- Appendix epididymis-remnant of mesonephric duct
20
Q
- The paramesonephric ducts give rise to what structures?
- What does the paramesonephric duct project to?
A
- Lateral-coelomic bay
- Cranial part-uterine tubes
- Caudal part-uterovaginal primordium
- Paramesonephric duct projects to urogenital sinus (endoderm)
21
Q
- The urogenital sinus comes from what embryological germ layer?
- It gives rise to what structures?
A
- Endoderm
- Sinus Tubercle
22
Q
- What structures are remnants of the mesonephric duct in the female?
A
- Epoophoron-remnant next to ovary
- Paroophoron-remnant closer to uterus
23
Q
- The superior 1/3 of the uterus is made from _
- The inferior 2/3 of the uterus is made from _
A
- Intermediate mesoderm (paramesonephric duct)
- Hindgut endoderm
24
Q
The _ induces formation of the sinovaginal bulbs
The sinovaginal bulbs extend from _ to the uterterovaginal plate and fuse with the vaginal plate
Vaginal plate epithelium will undergo _ to form lumen of the vagina
A
- Sinus tubercle
- Urogenital sinus
- Recanalization
25
* Uterus abnormalities
*
26
Male prostate is formed from what embryological germ layers?
* Endoderm-pelvic part of urogenital sinus
* Splanchnic mesoderm-smooth muscle and connective tissue
27
* What germ layers help form the bulbourethral glands
* Phallic part of urogenital sinus-endoderm
* Splanchnic mesoderm-smooth muscle and CT
28
* Development of male external genitalia is under the influence of \_
* The genital tubercle gives rise to the \_
* The urogenital/urethral folds give rise to the \_, _ and \_
* The labioscrotal swellings give rise to the \_
* The skin of the external genitalia comes from what embryological germ layer?
* DHT
* Glans penis
* Lateral walls of urethra, spongy urethra, penile raphe
* Scrotum
* Ectoderm
29
* The development of the female external genitalia is under the influence of what hormone?
* The genital tubercle gives rise to the \_
* The urethral (urogenital folds) give rise to the \_
* The labioscrotal swellings give rise to the _ and \_
* Estrogen
* Glans clitoris
* Frenulum of labia minora
* Labium majus, mons pubis
30
* The completion of formation of the spongy urethra
31
Hypospadias occurs on the _ side of the penis d/t problems with urogenital folds
Epispadias occurs on the _ side of the penis d/t problems w/ location of genital tubercles to cloacal membrane
* Ventral
* Dorsal
