Development Of The Fruit And Seed Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the zygote become?

A

Divides by mitosis to become an embryo which consists of a pumule (developing shoot) and radicle (developing root) and 1/2 cotyledons (seed leaves).

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2
Q

What does the triploid nucleus become?

A

The triploid endosperm nucleus develops into the endosperm which is a food store for the developing embryo.

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3
Q

What does the outer integument become?

A

Dries out,becomes hard, water proof and has deposits of lignin, becoming the seed coat or testa. The micropyle remains as a pore.

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4
Q

What does the ovule become?

A

Comprising the embryo, endosperm and testa, it becomes the seed.

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5
Q

What does the funicle of the ovule become?

A

The funicle of the seed, attaching to the seed at the hileum.

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6
Q

What does the ovary become?

A

The fruit. In some species it is sweet, juicy and pigmented like the cherry, and in some it is dry and hard like the almond.

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7
Q

What are dicotyledons and monocotyledons?

A

Monocotyledons = one cotyledon
Dicotyledon = 2 cotyledons
Cotyledons are seed leaves.

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8
Q

Give an example of a dicotyledon.

A

The broad bean. The ovary elongates in the pod, which is the fruit, and the ovules mature into seeds which are the broad beans. The embryo lies between the cotyledons.

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9
Q

Why is the broad bean a non-endospermic seed?

A

Because the endosperm is absorbed into the cotyledons.

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10
Q

Give an example of a monocotyledon.

A

Maize. The endosperm remains so this is an endospermic seed. The cotyledon remains small and doesn’t develop further. The testa of the seed fuses with the ovary wall so maize is a one seeded fruit.

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11
Q

What happens to seeds after they’re produced?

A

They remain dormant. Their water content falls below 10% reducing metabolic rate. They can survive for long periods of time in this state and won’t germinate until conditions are correct.

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12
Q

Compare monocots and dicots.

A

1 cotyledon / 2 cotyledons
Leaf veins parallel / leaf veins in a network
Sepals, petals and stamen in multiples of 3 // multiples of 5
Vascular bundles scattered in stems / in rings in the stems
Vascular bundles scattered in roots / in centre of roots.

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