development of glaciated landscapes

Question 1

what are the 3 main tye of processes that create landforms

what type of landformm does each create

Answer 1

-geomorphological (topography/rock) - creates glacated landscapes

-periglacial-creates periglacial landscapes

-fluvioglacial (water)- creates fluvioglacial landscapes

Question 2

Geomorphological processes:

what are the 2 erosional process, explain each

what are the 2 weathering geomorphological processes,explain

what are the 5 types of geomorphlogical ice movements, explain each
what are 3 factors which determine the vwelocity and power of these movements

Answer 2

erosinal:
-plucking, this is the process of rocks attached to the bedrock or sides becoming frozen to the glacier, when the glacier moves the rocks are plucked from the landscape

-abrasion, this is the sandpapering effect caused by small rockes embedded within the glacier rubbing on bedrock, leaves striations

weathering:
-frost action, this is the process of water getting into the cracks of rocks, freezes and then expands by around 10%. This process repeats eventually casing the rock to fall off

-nivation refers to the combination of processes occuring beneath and around patches of snow, contributing to the enlargement of hollows (e.g chemical/freeze-thaw weathering)

ice movements:
-internal deformation - this refers to the deformation of layers of ice or individual ice crytals caused by pressure from the wieght of ice. it occurs through 2 mechanisms, ice creep and intergranular slippage.

-basal sliding, this refers to a thin film of meltwater forming at the base due to the ice reching its PMP, this lubricates the base reducing friction and allowing the glacier to slide over the bedrock

-compressional flow, when ice hits a shallower gradient, friction causes the ce to sow down, build up and compress, this causes the ice to get thicker

-extensional flow, when ice hits a steeper gradient, gravity forces the ice to increase in velocity. friction causes the ice to thin out and expand, causing deep cracks called crevasses

-rotational slip, this refers to when compresed ice become trapped in a hollow, but gravity causes it to continue moving downwards, meltwater assists in moving the glacier in a rotational movement, causing it to continually erode the hollow

-temp
-mass
-relief

Question 3

periglacial processes:

what are the 2 key periglacial processes (mass movements)

what is the active layer

Answer 3

-frost heave
-solifluction

-the active layer is the top layer of permafrost that thaws in the summer

Question 4

periglacial processes:

what is frost heave

what is solifluction

Answer 4

-frost heave is the process of water underneath rocks freezing and expanding, thus forcing the mass upwards

-solifluction refers to the mass movement of soil that becomes waterlogged when water is trapped between the active layer and the frozen permafrost. waterlogged sols flow easily when gravity acts upon it, usually on a gradient

Question 5

fluvioglacial processes:

what are the 4 key processes involved in fluvioglacial landforms

Answer 5

-meltwater

-erosion

-transportation

-deposition