Development of GI Function in Early Life

Question 1

When is development of GI tract and liver usually complete?

Answer 1

12 weeks gestation

Question 2

What happens if the oesophagus and respiratory tract fail to separate in development?

Answer 2

Atresia of oesophagus, atresia of oesophagus with fistula

Question 3

Is reflux in infants normal?

Answer 3

Generally, yes. Most infants will experience some reflux but most cases resolve within 12 months

Question 4

Name some foregut development abnormalities

Answer 4

> Oesophageal atresia/stenosis
> Tracheo-oesophageal fistulae
> Congenital hiatus hernia
> Pyloric stenosis 
> Duodenal atresia

Question 5

Name some midgut developmental abnormalities

Answer 5

> Jejunal atresia
> Malrotation
> Meckel's diverticulum
> Omphalocoele
> Gastrochisis

Question 6

Name a hindgut abnormality

Answer 6

Anorectal abnormalities

Question 7

What is Hirschprung’s disease?

Answer 7

Failure of the development of enteric ganglia leading to the absence of inhibitory innervation -> tonic contraction and colonic obstruction

Question 8

At what week of development would an infant be able to breathe and swallow?

Answer 8

32-34 weeks

Question 9

When do teeth begin to appear in infants?

Answer 9

6 months

Question 10

How long should infant formula be used?

Answer 10

at least 12 months

Question 11

At what age should weaning commence?

Answer 11

From 6 months (introducing allergenic foods such as eggs and gluten)