Development Of Egypt Under Cleopatra And Ptolomy Auletes

Question 0

Pompey against Caesar

Answer 0

Pompey was defeated at the battle of Pharsalus in 48BC
Heesxaped to Egypt seeking support
He was murdered by Ptolomy XIII’s agent Achillas and Pothinus
Upon Ceasar’s arrival he was given Pompey’s head

Question 1

The Roman world during the 60s and 50s

Answer 1

Rome was dominated by three politicians
Crassus, the wealthiest man in Rome, died in 53BC during the conquest of Parthia
Pompey and Julius Caesar fought over the empire in a civil war that started in 49Bc

Question 2

Caesar

Answer 2

Although Pompey was dead the civil war was not over
He had to fight battles at: Alexandria, Syria (Zela), Africa(Thapsus), Spain(Munda)
On march 17th 45Bc Rome was controlled by Caesar now dictator

Question 3

Egypt’s expansion under Cleopatra and Caesar

Answer 3

Cleopatra was intent on regaining the old Ptolemaic possessions
And extending Egyptian control into the Eastern Mediterranean
Focused Egyptian policy on ensuring the continued wealth of Egypt and adding to the trading opportunities
Ceasar had already returned Cyprus to Egypt

Question 4

Egypt’s expansion under Cleopatra and Antony

Answer 4

She got control of the important ports along the coast of Phoenicia and Syria
She gained harbours in Cilicia
She managed to gain control of the balsam trade in Judeea from Herod (she helped him when he escaped from the Parthians)
Antony simple handed over many kingdoms in 37BC

Question 5

In 37BC Antony returned to the east and handed over territories to Cleopatra (Plutarch łįfë øf Åñtøńŷ)

Answer 5

“The kingdoms of Phoenicia, Coele Syria, Cyprus, and a large part of Cilicia; in addition he gave her the balsam-producing prt of Judea, and all that part of Arabia of the Nabataeans which slopes towards the red sea”

Question 6

Antony’s campaign in Armenia

Answer 6

Was successfull
Celebrated his triumph in Alexandria as the new Dionysus and Cleopatra as the new Isis
Caesarion(XV) was made co-ruler with Cleopatra and called the king of kings
Cleopatra was called the Queen of Kings
Alexander Helios was named Great King of the Seleucid empire(Armenia, media, Parthia)
Cleopatra Selene was called Queen of Cyrenaica and Libya
Ptolomy Philadelphos (son of Ant/Cleo) king of Philadelphos, Syria. And Asia Minor at the age of two

Question 7

Plutarch’s description of the gifts from Antony to Cleopatra/Caesarion

Answer 7

First he announced Cleopatra was Queen of Egypt, Cyprus,Lybia and Coele and that Caesarion was to rule with her
Caesarion was considered to be a son of Julius Caesar, who had made Cleopatra pregnant

Question 8

Plutarch’s description of the gifts from Antony to his sons

Answer 8

Secondly he said that his sons by Cleopatra were to be kings of kings

Question 9

Plutarch’s description of the gifts from Antony to Alexandre

Answer 9

And to Alexander he gave Armenia, Media and Parthia

Question 10

Plutarch’s description of the gifts from Antony to Ptolomy

Answer 10

To Ptolomy he gave Phoenicia, Syria and Cilicia

Question 11

The clothes worn by those that received Antony’s gifts (according to Plutarch)

Answer 11

In this meeting he displayed his sons in the dress of their kingdoms
-Alexandre in the dress of the Medes, upright crown with tiara
Wore the traditional costume of the Medes and Armenians
Given a guard of Armenians
-Ptolomy in boots, short cloak,& Broad-brimmed hat with a diadem
Was wearing the dress of those kings of Macedon who followed Alexander the Great
Given a guard of Macedonians
-Cleopatra, at this meeting and at others later, in public wore the sacred robe of Isis, and was called the new Isis