development of attachments Flashcards
what is an attachment
an emotional bond between two individuals (infant and caregiver)
what did schaffer & emerson investigate
development of attachments
who were the pp
60 infants from working class families range from 5-23 weeks old
how often were the mothers visited
every 4 weeks
what did they report on
their childs responses to situations such as being left alone in a room
the intensity of the protest
how was the intensity ranked
scale
what else was measured
stranger anxiety
how was this measured
response to the interviewer
what were the results
the primary attachment was not who they spent the most time with but who was most sensitive to their needs
what % of infants primary attachment was the mother
65%
what % of infants primary attachment was the father
3%
what % of infants developed a secondary attachment within the first month of a primary attachment
29%
how many stages of attachment are there
4
what is stage 1
asocial
-0-2 months
-similar reactions to humans and toys
-prefer smiling face towards end
what is stage 2
indiscriminate attachments
-2-6 months
-prefer human company to toys
-distinguish familiar/unfamiliar
-no stranger anxiety
what is stage 3
discriminate attachments
-7-12 months
-primary attachment is formed
-separation anxiety from primary attachment
-stranger anxiety
what is stage 4
multiple attachments
-1 year+
-wider circle of attachments
-eg. grandparents
what are advantages of this study
high ecological validity
what are disadvantages of this study
sample bias
demand characteristics
low population validity
why are fathers less likely to be primary attachment
spend less time with them
lack emotional sensitivity
what evidence supports this
heerman found men are less sensitive to infants cues
what is the fathers role
more playful/fun/active
what evidence supports this
geiger found mothers are more conventional and fathers are exciting to play with
