Development key words Flashcards
Development
positive change that makes things better
Development indicators
A method used to measure how developed a country or region is compared with others
Brandt line
How the world was geographically split into richer and poorer nations
HIC
high income countries
MIC
middle income countries
LIC
low income countries
Mechanisation
when machines begin to do the work that humans once completed
subsidy
money given by a government to help an industry keep down the costs of exports
tax breaks
reduces the amount of tax a company must pay (normally for fixed period) therefore increasing profit
trade unions
an organisation of work to protect the rights of those employed
urbanisation
the movement of people from rural to urban areas (cities)
rural-urban migration
the movement of people from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (cities)
push factors
things that make people want to leave an area e.g lack of jobs
pull factors
things that attract people to live in an area e.g good health care
megacity
a city with a population of over 10 million people
inequalities
differences in wealth and wellbeing
informal settlement
an area (often illegal) of poor-quality housing, often can lack basic services e.g water
informal work/informal economy
jobs which aren’t taxed, and where the workers do not have contracts or rights
favela
the Brazilian name for a shanty settlement
transnational corporation
a company that operates across more than one country
footloose
industries which are not tied to a location as they do not need access to natural resources, so they’re more flexible
globalisation
the increased connectivity of countries around the world e.g through trade
source country
the country where the headquarters for the TNC is located e.g a developed country
host country
the country where the TNC places its factories/offices etc e.g in an emerging or developed country
sanitation
measures to protect public health
minimum wage
the lowest wage permitted by law in a country
quality of life
a measure of how ‘wealthy’ people are, but measured using housing, employment and environment, rather than income
imports
goods brought into a country
exports
sending goods to another country for sale
HDI (human development index)
A development measure which combines GDP per
capita, life expectancy and literacy rate.
