Development & Embryology Flashcards
Neurulation
beginning of the formation of the CNS, process of neural plate forming the neural tube
Neural Tube Defects
Spina Bifida & Encephalocele
Tracts that make up Spinal Nerve
General Somatic Afferent
General Visceral Afferent
General Somatic Efferent
General Visceral Efferent
Dermatome
area of skin supplied by a signal spinal nerve or spinal segment
Myotome
sum of all muscle fibres supplied by a single spinal nerve
Neural tube creates?
prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
prosencephalon
telencephalon & Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon
telecephalon
cerebral hemisphere
diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus
mesencephalon
midbrain
Metencephalon
pons & cerebellum
myelencephalon
medulla
what connects the brains 2 hemispheres?
corpos callosum
what type of fibres are the corpos callosum
commissural
what fibres connect areas within one hemisphere?
association
what fibres project to and from the cortex
projection
what are the 3 meningeal layers
dura, arachnoid, pia
what are the 3 spaces?
epidural (potential), subdural (potential), arachnoid (real)
what can you find in the epidural space?
middle meningeal artery
where would you find a:
1st order neuron
2nd order
3rd order
body - spinal cord
spinal cord to brain stem
thalamus to cortex
what type of sensory information crosses midline at the spinal cord?
medulla?
pain and temp @ spinal cord
Discriminative touch, vibration, pressure
2 Dural reflections of the skull
falx cerbri & tentorium cerebelli
where are arachnoid granulations found and what do they do ?
found surrounding the sagittal sinus & in the longitudinal fissure , reabsorption of CSF
what connects the arachnoid and pia mater?
arachnoid trabeculae
What does Pia form?
a perivascular space by ensheathing the blood vessels
explain what would be seen in an epidural hematoma
accumulation of blood between skull and dura due to a rupture of the middle menigeal artery, produces a len-shaped biconcave hematoma
explain what would be seen in a subdural hematoma
accumulation of venous blood between dura and arachnoid, crescent shaped, can be acute or chronic
explain what is seen in a subarachnoid hemorrhage
accumulation of blood in CSF space, blood is seen in sulci and gyri, can be non-traumatic or traumatic
what is the limbic lobe comprised of?
cingulate gyrus & parahippocampal gyrus
what produces CSF
ependymal cells of the choroid plexus
what connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
