Development Dynamics: India Flashcards
What is development?
The improvement of quality of life over a period of time.
Name 2 ways to measure development.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Human Development Index
What is GDP?
Gross Domestic product is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year divided by the number of people in the country
What is Human development index, and why is it a better way of measuring development.
Human development index considers aspects of both social and economic development but not environmental considerations.
It measures using life expectancy, education, and income of people of that country.
Why does birth rate decline as countries develop?
Many reasons.
Example: Education, with female education comes more knowledge of birth control, greater social awareness and more opportunity for employment.
What is infant mortality rate?
the number of deaths of infant under one year of age per 1000 live births per year.
What is colonialism?
Colonialism is the control over a another country and exploiting it economically.
What is neo colonialism?
The dominance of poor countries by rich countries not by direct political control but by economic and cultural influence.
What are the causes of global inequalities?
Physical environment- Access to sea for transport, and easy trade, and produce of food, or landlocked mountainous countries develop more slowly as it is harder to trade.
Colonialism
Neo colonialism
What are the consequences of poverty?
Developing countries have increased vulnerability to natural disasters.
More than 775 million people in developing countries cannot read or write.
Some countries have non democratic government.
What is Rostow’s model?
A model that is in 5 stages that measure the stages of development:
Traditional society
Pre conditions for take off
Take off
Drive to maturity
High mass consumption
What did Franks dependency theory want to show.
It wanted to show that colonialism is a major cause of poverty in developing countries.
The capitalist system of world trade has benefitted the rich developed countries far more than the poorer developing countries.
What were the criticisms towards the Frank’s dependency theory.
Many countries in the developing world that were never colonialised remain poor while some former colonies remain developed.
Countries that followed the socialist model have mostly remained poor.
Some poor countries successfully developed.
What is top down development?
An approach to development where decisions are made by government or larger countries such programmes involve expensive, large scale projects.
What is bottom up development?
An approach to development that involves people and communities in decision making often involving small scale projects for the poorest.
