Development Dynamics

Question 1

what is GDP?

Answer 1

gross domestic product- the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year

Question 2

what is GDP per capita?

Answer 2

GDP divided by population, per person

Question 3

what is the poverty line?

Answer 3

the minimum income required to meet someones basic needs

Question 4

access to safe drinking water

Answer 4

the percentage of the population with access to an improved water supply within 1km

Question 5

what is the literacy rate?

Answer 5

the percentage of the population aged over 15 who can read and write.

Question 6

what is development?

Answer 6

a countries wealthy social and political progress in sectors like education, healthcare and government policies.

Question 7

what is HDI?

Answer 7

the human development index which is a figure between 0 and 1 that is calculated considering 4 indicators: life expectancy, education-literacy, education-average length of schooling and GDP per capita.

Question 8

why is HDI a more effective development indicator in comparison to GDP?

Answer 8

• the GDP of a country is not always representative of the whole population as wealth can be unequally distributed
• HDI factors in both economic and social factors whereas GDP is only an economic indicator.
• Some countries may be poor but prioritise health and education and spend their limited wealth on this to benefit everyone.

Question 9

what is the corruption perceptions index?

Answer 9

• uses a scale from 1 to 10 to measure how corrupt countries are.
• 0 is very corrupt 10 is honest

Question 10

why do young people dominate the population structure in low income countries?

Answer 10

• population and education are closely linked because where young girls have less access to education, they are more likely to fall pregnant and have large families
• lack of access to contraception but also education about it can also cause a high fertility rate

Question 11

what is the link between development and population change?

Answer 11

• as countries develop, GDP per capita increases, therefore this increase in wealth allows people to spend money on education and health.
• this allows birth rates to fall because more people are educated on sex ed
• death rates, fertility rates, infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates will all fall due to better healthcare
• life expectancy will increase

Question 12

what are demographic indicators?

Answer 12

data linked to population

Question 13

what is birth rate?

Answer 13

number of live births per 1000 people per year

Question 14

what is death rate?

Answer 14

number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 15

what is the dependancy ratio?

Answer 15

• proportion of people below and above the normal working age (14-65) in comparison to those that are within the working age
• add the number of people above and below working age and then divide this by those who are working age and times by 100. this provides a percentage, the lower the percentage the greater the number of people who work and are less dependant

Question 16

what is the fertility rate?

Answer 16

average number of births per woman.

Question 17

what is infant mortality rate?

Answer 17

number of children per 1000 live births who die before their first birthday.

Question 18

what is the life expectancy?

Answer 18

average number of years a person can expect to live.

Question 19

what is maternal mortality?

Answer 19

number of mothers per 100,000 who die in childbirth.

Question 20

why does Malawi have a high fertility rate?

Answer 20

• although primary education is free in Malawi, secondary education is not and most low income subsistence farmers cannot pay these fees.
• this causes more girls to marry young and have large families

Question 21

why do developed countries like the uk have lower fertility and infant mortality rates?

Answer 21

• educated women are more likely to develop careers, marry and have children later in life

Question 22

what is the Brandt line?

Answer 22

• a line placed on a world map that theorised that there was a ‘global north’ which contained high income countries in the northern hemisphere?
• the second group in the ‘global south’ were the low income countries
• these inequalities are known as the north-south divide

Question 23

what are some criticisms of the Brandt line?

Answer 23

• much too general and over simplified
• many more emerging economies in the Southern Hemisphere are becoming wealthier

Question 24

what are middle income countries+examples ?

Answer 24

• between low income and high income
• eg. Brazil and Chile that underwent rapid development due to raw materials creating investments and growth

Question 25

what are newly industrialised countries+examples?

Answer 25

• countries that are beginning to be developed
• eg. the asian tigers-hong kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea who underwent rapid development due to the relocation of overseas manufacturing.

Question 26

what are recently industrialising countries+examples?

Answer 26

• countries that are recently rapidly industrialising
• eg. the BRICs- Brazil, Russia, India and China