Development Dynamics Flashcards
demography
study of people
birth rates [2]
-number of babies born per 1000 per annum
-high development means low birth rates as it shows job opportunities and contraception and family planning facilities
death rates [2]
-number of people dying per 1000 per year
-high development means low death rates as it shows low crime levels and advanced healthcare
life expectancy [2]
-the average age you are expected to live
-high development means high life expectancy as it shows higher education and healthcare systems
HDI [human development index] [3]
-measure of human development
-composite mixture= wealth, education and life expectancy
-measure of 0-1
population per doctor [2]
-the number of doctors divided by the number of people in the population
-high development means low people per doctor as it shows high education, more available doctors
GDP [gross domestic product] [2]
-the total value of goods and services a country produces in a year divided by the population
-high development means high gdp as it shows high production wealth
literacy rates[2]
-the percentage of adults which can read and write above the age of 16
-high development means high literacy rates as it shows high education levels
GNI [gross national income] [2]
-the value of a country’s goods and services, divided by the number of people living in that country
-high development means high gni as it shows wealth
causes of global inequality [4]
-political reasons
-social reasons
-physical reasons
-historical reasons
rostows development model [5]
-traditional society
-preconditions to take off
-take off
-drive to maturity
-age of high mass consumption
criticism of rostows model [3]
-aimed at European countries
-overlooks other ways of development
-assumes all countries have the same resources [geographically /climate]
the dependency theory [3]
-low levels of development in peripheral poor countries result from control from core rich countries
-exploitation of cheap production
-cash crops make peripheral countries dependant
criticism of dependency theory
-countries that were never colonised, Ethiopia, are still poor, and some that were colonised are rich , Singapore, poor countries have become developed, Korea and socialist modeled countries have failed, Tanzania
bottom-up biogas digester scale [2]
-small community, village
-by 2010 4million biogas plants have been built
bottom-up biogas digester aims
provide gas to rural homes and also reduce time wasted on collecting firewood clearing up space for education
bottom-up biogas digester funding
-NGO astra
bottom-up biogas digester technology
-intermediate technology
bottom-up biogas digester decision making
NGO’s will reach out to village and see what needs to be done
top down sardar sarovar dam scale [2]
-big, impacts the whole country,
-narmada river has 3000 dams ,300 super dams in 100 year
top down sardar sarovar dam aims
-encourage economic development by providing water and electricity for cities
-farm dry land using interigation
top down sardar sarovar dam funding
-Japanese and Indian bank
top down sardar sarovar dam technology
advanced technology
top down sardar Sarovar dam decision making [2]
-Indian government
-234 villages flooded forcing 320,000 people out
the core Maharashtra [4]
-next to Arabian sea
-hugely industrialised, good education
-clothing and engineering manufacturing
-big Bollywood industry, tourism
the multiplier effect
chain of effect an upward spiral causing a region to develop
the periphery bihar [5]
-8% of population is rural
-annual income is 6000 rupees ,£75
-poor transport
-HDI of 0.571
-47% literacy rates
why is bihar still in the periphery [2]
-no surplus produce in farming so no investment
- women are married early and have a lot of children
primary sector employment
extracting raw materials from the earth or sea , mining or farming
secondary sector
manufacturing goods , converts raw material into products
teritary service sector
providing a service , doctor
quaternary sector
highly skilled workers, it sector
attraction TNC investment [7]
-low labour cost
-rapid growth of India’s economy based on population
-competitiveness of Indian enterprises
-English-speaking workforce
-international development in trade
-tax exemption
impacts of outsourcing [4]
-accent neutralisation
-time difference
-population increase competition
-mental health
impacts of economic growth on india [3]
-rural to urban migration
-improved standards of living
-environmental concerns
impact of the environment traffic [2]
-air pollution
-health problems
impact of the environment waste [3]
-water pollution
-275 polluted rivers
-impacts health of animals and humans
impact of the environment deforestation [2]
-biodiversity lost
-conversion of forests
international role of india [3]
-G-20
-BRICS
-UN
