Development Dynamics Flashcards
demography
study of people
birth rates [2]
-number of babies born per 1000 per annum
-high development means low birth rates as it shows job opportunities and contraception and family planning facilities
death rates [2]
-number of people dying per 1000 per year
-high development means low death rates as it shows low crime levels and advanced healthcare
life expectancy [2]
-the average age you are expected to live
-high development means high life expectancy as it shows higher education and healthcare systems
HDI [human development index] [3]
-measure of human development
-composite mixture= wealth, education and life expectancy
-measure of 0-1
population per doctor [2]
-the number of doctors divided by the number of people in the population
-high development means low people per doctor as it shows high education, more available doctors
GDP [gross domestic product] [2]
-the total value of goods and services a country produces in a year divided by the population
-high development means high gdp as it shows high production wealth
literacy rates[2]
-the percentage of adults which can read and write above the age of 16
-high development means high literacy rates as it shows high education levels
GNI [gross national income] [2]
-the value of a country’s goods and services, divided by the number of people living in that country
-high development means high gni as it shows wealth
causes of global inequality [4]
-political reasons
-social reasons
-physical reasons
-historical reasons
rostows development model [5]
-traditional society
-preconditions to take off
-take off
-drive to maturity
-age of high mass consumption
criticism of rostows model [3]
-aimed at European countries
-overlooks other ways of development
-assumes all countries have the same resources [geographically /climate]
the dependency theory [3]
-low levels of development in peripheral poor countries result from control from core rich countries
-exploitation of cheap production
-cash crops make peripheral countries dependant
criticism of dependency theory
-countries that were never colonised, Ethiopia, are still poor, and some that were colonised are rich , Singapore, poor countries have become developed, Korea and socialist modeled countries have failed, Tanzania
bottom-up biogas digester scale [2]
-small community, village
-by 2010 4million biogas plants have been built
