Development Dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

demography

A

study of people

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2
Q

birth rates [2]

A

-number of babies born per 1000 per annum
-high development means low birth rates as it shows job opportunities and contraception and family planning facilities

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3
Q

death rates [2]

A

-number of people dying per 1000 per year
-high development means low death rates as it shows low crime levels and advanced healthcare

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4
Q

life expectancy [2]

A

-the average age you are expected to live
-high development means high life expectancy as it shows higher education and healthcare systems

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5
Q

HDI [human development index] [3]

A

-measure of human development
-composite mixture= wealth, education and life expectancy
-measure of 0-1

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6
Q

population per doctor [2]

A

-the number of doctors divided by the number of people in the population
-high development means low people per doctor as it shows high education, more available doctors

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7
Q

GDP [gross domestic product] [2]

A

-the total value of goods and services a country produces in a year divided by the population
-high development means high gdp as it shows high production wealth

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8
Q

literacy rates[2]

A

-the percentage of adults which can read and write above the age of 16
-high development means high literacy rates as it shows high education levels

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9
Q

GNI [gross national income] [2]

A

-the value of a country’s goods and services, divided by the number of people living in that country
-high development means high gni as it shows wealth

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10
Q

causes of global inequality [4]

A

-political reasons
-social reasons
-physical reasons
-historical reasons

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11
Q

rostows development model [5]

A

-traditional society
-preconditions to take off
-take off
-drive to maturity
-age of high mass consumption

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12
Q

criticism of rostows model [3]

A

-aimed at European countries
-overlooks other ways of development
-assumes all countries have the same resources [geographically /climate]

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13
Q

the dependency theory [3]

A

-low levels of development in peripheral poor countries result from control from core rich countries
-exploitation of cheap production
-cash crops make peripheral countries dependant

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14
Q

criticism of dependency theory

A

-countries that were never colonised, Ethiopia, are still poor, and some that were colonised are rich , Singapore, poor countries have become developed, Korea and socialist modeled countries have failed, Tanzania

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15
Q

bottom-up biogas digester scale [2]

A

-small community, village
-by 2010 4million biogas plants have been built

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16
Q

bottom-up biogas digester aims

A

provide gas to rural homes and also reduce time wasted on collecting firewood clearing up space for education

17
Q

bottom-up biogas digester funding

A

-NGO astra

18
Q

bottom-up biogas digester technology

A

-intermediate technology

19
Q

bottom-up biogas digester decision making

A

NGO’s will reach out to village and see what needs to be done

20
Q

top down sardar sarovar dam scale [2]

A

-big, impacts the whole country,
-narmada river has 3000 dams ,300 super dams in 100 year

21
Q

top down sardar sarovar dam aims

A

-encourage economic development by providing water and electricity for cities
-farm dry land using interigation

22
Q

top down sardar sarovar dam funding

A

-Japanese and Indian bank

23
Q

top down sardar sarovar dam technology

A

advanced technology

24
Q

top down sardar Sarovar dam decision making [2]

A

-Indian government
-234 villages flooded forcing 320,000 people out

25
the core Maharashtra [4]
-next to Arabian sea -hugely industrialised, good education -clothing and engineering manufacturing -big Bollywood industry, tourism
26
the multiplier effect
chain of effect an upward spiral causing a region to develop
27
the periphery bihar [5]
-8% of population is rural -annual income is 6000 rupees ,£75 -poor transport -HDI of 0.571 -47% literacy rates
28
why is bihar still in the periphery [2]
-no surplus produce in farming so no investment - women are married early and have a lot of children
29
primary sector employment
extracting raw materials from the earth or sea , mining or farming
30
secondary sector
manufacturing goods , converts raw material into products
31
teritary service sector
providing a service , doctor
32
quaternary sector
highly skilled workers, it sector
33
attraction TNC investment [7]
-low labour cost -rapid growth of India's economy based on population -competitiveness of Indian enterprises -English-speaking workforce -international development in trade -tax exemption
34
impacts of outsourcing [4]
-accent neutralisation -time difference -population increase competition -mental health
35
impacts of economic growth on india [3]
-rural to urban migration -improved standards of living -environmental concerns
36
impact of the environment traffic [2]
-air pollution -health problems
37
impact of the environment waste [3]
-water pollution -275 polluted rivers -impacts health of animals and humans
38
impact of the environment deforestation [2]
-biodiversity lost -conversion of forests
39
international role of india [3]
-G-20 -BRICS -UN