Development and Resource Issues 📈 Flashcards

Question

Arguments for and against AID

Answer 1

+ saves lives and reduces misery + long term impact on qu o/ life + jobs + improves health - increase dependency on donor country - profits go to multi nationals - can be kept by corrupt officials - spent on prestige areas - weapon to exert political pressure on receiving country

Answer 2

+ increasing population- 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7 billion today + agricultural change + economic development- as countries develop, so will desire for H2O + growth of consumerism. -> only 3% drinkable

Answer 3

70% food and drink 20% industry 10% household

Answer 4

HICS- lots bc extraction is expensive and non essential needs. HOWEVER, high rainfall (ie Pakistan) use more water pp even tho UK has higher GNI. LICS- pay 50x what we do per amount. RURAL AFRICA= can cause issues. Must be collected over long distances. 90% by women and kids= restricts women having full education> restrict opportunities> cont belief women are inferior> cycle cont. STUDY IN TANZIA= reducing journey by 15 mins inc att to skl by 12%

Answer 5

When: + people have safe and affordable water to remain healthy + sufficient for agriculture and industry + sufficient to preserve ecosystems + protected from hazards ie drought x 750 million people take it for granted. SCARCITY- Economic- there, not available Physical- literally not enough- ie low rain CLIMATE CHANGE= impact number and distribution of places suffering in future

Answer 6

+ dams and reservoirs - electricity too + water transfer schemes- ie Lesotho + desalination- + abstraction of groundwater- ie India + water conservation- dual flush toilets, water meters + using grey water for things like toilets

Answer 7

Colorado river COURSE- + flows through seven states = ends up in Mexico, flows through gulf of California + 2334 KM long USES- Too much demand, not enough supply, used for standard. USERS- California- 26% Colorado- 24%, whilst Nevada= 2% ENV INP- + Only 1% reaches Mexico, when dry none. + ruin habitats + water pollution SOCIAL IMP- + disagreement between states + jobs and hydroelectric power + indigenous people forced out + high standard of living in Cali ECONOMIC IMP- + tourism ie vegas + California- lots money, Mexico, little DAMS 70,000 people visit hoover dam a year

Answer 8

LESOTHO + Lesotho highlands water project is an example of a large scale water transfer scheme- 40% Africa + Dams, ie katzhe= extra water and 1000 MW electricity to Lesotho LESOTHO A- 75% income Hydroelectric power Roads in highlands = access 20,000 jobs D- Reliant Fams collect till dam comp Land flooded No compensation for displacement Borrowed 30 million must be payed back SA A- Accessible and cheap Benefit h.e power D- Reliant Price uncertain

Answer 9

WaterAid in Mawali - 34 countries, - repairs hand pumps, imp hygiene etc - toilets too. Neat!

Answer 10

INDIA - gw= 65% in agriculture and 85% in domestic, - stored in aquafers OVER ABSTRACTION

Answer 11

INDIA Developed in four ways= • education- 46-96% in school • healthcare • cars • imports HOWEVER HUNGE DISPARITY: 119 billionaires whilst 175 million live in poverty Causes include: • disparity in government funding > each state responsible for providing healthcare and education. • Costal regions (ie Mumbai) traditionally benefitted from ports, in contrast to landlocked locations such as Bihar • Climatic differences ie Rajhistan in NW often affected by crop facilitate do to monsoon • caste system • discrimination against young women- although dowry illegal still prevalent • harsh cycles of poverty SPEC EXAMPLES- BIHAR- 82% live in rural. Many farm workers and labourers Corrupt government Av income per capita= £500 p. a MAHARASHTA- Some of largest cities inc Mumbai Centre of banking, manufacturing and industry Av income per capita = £2000 p. a

Answer 12

NORTH SOUTH DIVIDE = perceived economic differences between Southern England and rest of UK REASONS FOR DIFFERENCES: - M4 motorway corridor= modern high tech companies - reasearch development in London and SE England 53% all government funding (2018) - 40% more likely tip gcse grades - airports - North deindustrialisation bc trading blocs - London global centre CONCEQUENCES= North has • lower pay • higher unemployment • low government spending per person • low house prices G9- • higher shop vacancies • lower quality of health (lower addiction etc) Direct comparisons: • 2020, 6.6% unemployed north whereas 3.3 south • house prices= 2018, 114000 in north whereas 500,000 London • Sheffield life expectancy is 78 for men and 82 for women, south is 83 for men and 87 for women

Answer 13

SHEFFIELD- deindustrialisation ONCE HUGE ON STEEL Since 1970s, over 100,000 lost their jobs BENEFITS • imp water and air quality • diversification • regeneration of brownfield sites NEGATIVES • derelict land • greenfield sites • traffic AID Sheffield city region interpose zone

Answer 14

• one action which leads to a chain reaction of good or bad events Ie positive- New industry= new jobs, new companies > include spending power > higher salaries > re invested > more popular Ie negative Shops close > derelict shops > unemployment, less money spent > poverty and less money > graffiti, ppl move away, poor retail quality > area declines TIP- use a flow diagram :)

Answer 15

- government developing power in the North ie £1 billion given to elected mayor 2017 to improve breather Manchester’s infrastructure - ‘Northern Powerhouse project’ - turn norths population of 15 mill into a powerhouse to attract new business - improve transport ie high speed 2 - relocation of MNCs to north