Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OB - Kaitlyn > Development and psychology > Flashcards

Development and psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what happens in week one of fetal development

A

fertilization occurs, zygote goes heads to uterus 3 days after it becomes the morula that enters the uterus the morula creates a cavity with 2 layers - blastocyst and trophoblast which implants into the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is simple diffusion transporting across the placenta

A

water oxygen electrolytes vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is facilitated diffusion transporting across the placenta

A

glucose, oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is active transport transporting across the placenta

A

amino acids, calcium, iron, water soluble vitamins,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is pinocytosis/endocytosis transporting across the placenta

A

globulins, antibodies, virus,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is bulk flow & solvent drag transporting across the placenta

A

water and electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is accidental capillary breaks transporting across the placenta

A

intact blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is independence movement transporting across the placenta

A

maternal leukocytes and microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a diagnostic test

A

confirms the presence of disease or disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is striae gravidarum

A

stretch marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the fetal period

A

9 week- 38 week where additional growth and development of organs and body systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens in week three of fetal development

A

primitive streak, development of notochord (helps vertebrae development), differation of three germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens in the vagina/vulva when pregnant

A

vaginal mucous thickens, rugae (ridges/wrinkles in vagina) become more prominent, increase leukorrhea (discharge), pH becomes more acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the Alpha-fetoprotein test - what do low/high levels mean

A

maternal blood sample, low levels may indicate trisomy 18 high levels may indicate neural tube defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is amnion fluid made by, how much is there

A

made by chorion and amnion it increases from 30 ml at 10 weeks to 350ml at 20 weeks to 800-1000ml at 37 weeks it is filtered and replaced every 4 hours by fetal breathing and kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the color. odor of amnion fluid

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of amnion fluid

A

cushions, temp regulations, free movement, stops umbilical suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the pre-embryonic period

A

first 2 weeks after conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 1st prenatal labs

A

blood group, Rh factor, antibody screen, RpR/VDRL, HbSAG/HbSAB, CDC with differential, HIV, Sickle cell anemia, tb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is Naegeles rule

A

can estimate DOB or EDB based on the last mensural cycle (if they have a 28 day cycle) add 7 days and 9 months to last mensural cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens in week 2 of fetal development

A

yolk sac develops, amniotic cavity appears, implantation of blastocyst complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the presumptive ss of pregnancy

A

subjective- n/v, breast tenderness, missed period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the probable ss of pregnancy

A

objective- abd enlargement, hegars sign, goodell sign, chadwicks sign, positive pregnancy test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the positive ss of pregnancy

A

only 3 and only detected by examiner- ultrasound of fetus, fetal heart tone, fetal moments felt by qualified examiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the amnion
thick membrane forms embryonic sac surrounding the fetus
26
what is the chronic villus sampling (cvs)
ultrasound guided needle aspiration of fetal tissue from placenta done at 8-13 weeks gestation
27
what are the risks of chronic villus sampling (cvs)
SAB, fetal limb reduction
28
what happens in week 4-7 of fetal development
embryonic disc forms into c shape, 4 limbs bud, eyes and ears begin to form, nervous system starts to develope
29
what is the embryonic period
3-8 week after conception greatest teratogen (any substance that can cause harm to fetus) differation of 3 germ layers
30
what are the 3 germ layers
Ectoderm - outer layer - skin, teeth, glands of mouth, nervous system Endoderm - inner layer - epithelium of respiratory, digestive Mesoderm- middle layer - connective tissue
31
what is included in the umbilical cord
2 arteries ( takes waste and co2), 1 vein (brings oxygen and nutrients
32
what is whartans jelly
connective tissue around arteries and vein in umbilical cord
33
what is an angioma
vascular spiders- tiny bluish arterioles in neck face arms and thorax
34
what happens in week 9-12 in fetal development
face recognizable at 10 weeks, external genitalia identifiable by 12 weeks, at 9 weeks liver serves as major site for RBC by 12 weeks spleen takes over urine production begins
35
what is deoxyribonucleic acid testing
prenatal testing for parents or postnatal testing for infant
36
what changes happen in the heart during pregnancy
heart shifts upwards and left HR increases 10-15bpm, cardiac hypertrophy, systolic murmur
37
what do you do if you hear a systolic murmur on a pregnant patient
its normal, not a problem but should still be documented
38
what is the carrier screening
genetic testing to see if patients carry a specific trait to pass along to their children
39
what is the yolk sac
transfers nutrients to embryo during 2nd/3rd week , hematopoiesis occurs yolk sac incorporates into the umbilical cord
40
when does hematopoiesis occur
2nd/3rd week then gradually decreases at 8 weeks when fetal liver takes over and forms RBC
41
what is palmar erythema
red palms
42
what is preimplantation genetic diagnosis
genetic testing of IVF embryos, enabling identification of specific inheritable traits that can cause disease
43
what happens in week 8 of fetal development
clear distinction in upper and lower limbs, external genitalia established, main organ system developing, heart chamber functioning
44
what is cell free DNA testing
maternal blood sample to screen for certain genetic conditions like trisomy 13,18, 21
45
what happens to breasts during pregnancy
enlargement, fullness, tender, dark areolas
46
what are monozygotic babies
identical twins
47
how are monozygotic babies developed
Develope from 1 zygote genetically identical, look similar, same gender # of amnions and chorions depends on when the zygote seperates
48
if the zygote separates in the first 72 hours how are things divided
2 of everything
49
if the zygote separates 4-7th day
2 embryos 1 amnion 1 chorion
50
if the zygote separates 8 days how are things divided
2 embryos 1 amnion
51
if the zygote separates 9+ days how are things divided
the embryonic disc is incomplete which means conjoined twins
52
what happens in week 13-16 of fetal development
rapid growth, fetal movement occurs but not felt by mom, skeletal ossification occurs
53
is sex determined by mom or dad
dad
54
how long is pregnancy
38-42 weeks
55
what are the 4 main hormones produced by placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, pro-estrogen, estrogen
56
what does the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone do
produces proestrogen
57
what does the human placental lactogen hormone do
regulates glucose availability
58
what does proestrogen hormone do
thickens lining to accept egg, prevents muscle contractions from expelling egg
59
what does estrogen hormone do
helps regulate growth/ development and physiology of reproductive system
60
what does the placenta do
provides oxygen and nutrients to fetus waste elimination and provides hormones to maintain pregnancy
61
is transportation to fetus one directional or bidirectional
bidirectional
62
when does the placenta become fully established
8-10 weeks after conception
63
what is the human genome
complete copy of the genetic material in an organism
64
how to fetal lungs work in the womb
they are fluid filled 1st breath forces fluid out the pulmonary circulation and changes in thoracic pressure close the temporary structures - ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriolies
65
what is couvade syndrome
1st trimester father can experience maternal ss
66
how many sperms are released at ejaculation
200-600 million
67
how many sperms reach site
200
68
when is the window for opportunity to get pregnant
3 days before ovulation and 2 days after bc sperm can live up to 3-5 days, the ovum (egg) are vulnerable for fertilization up to 18-24 hours after ovulation
69
what does the placenta develop from
chorionic
70
what is the process for implantation
after conception it stays in apulla for 24 hours, day 3-4 zygote divides and called morulla and goes to uterus once there its called blastosyst which contins inner mass of cells called embryoblasts and the embryo developes from that
71
what is a genotype
genetic makeup
72
what is a phenotype
observable expression of genetic makeup
73
what is a screening test
identifies patients who have a high risk of passing a disorder/ disease
74
what are the cervical changes that occur with pregnancy
chad wicks sign, hegars sign, and goodells sign
75
what is chadwicks sign
bluish discoloration of cervix
76
what is the antenatal period
starts with first day of the last menstral cycle and ends when labor begins
77
where does fertilization occur
outer 1/3 of fallopian tube 12-48 hours after fertilization
78
how many chromosomes are there in a human
46
79
how many chromosomes come from mom/dad
22 from mom and 23 from dad
80
a male has __ chromosomes and a female has __ chromosomes
male XY female XX
81
what occurs in week 17-20 fetal development
growth slows, mom notices fetal movement, skin covered with vernix by 20 weeks, eyebrow and head hair begin, languo covers all parts of the body
82
what changes occur in the respiratory system during pregnancy
in response to increase estrogen levels congestion may occur, RR increases 1-2/min increase in O2 consumption 15-20%
83
what is fetal fibronectin test
helps determine potential risk for preterm labor, shouldnt be detectable in vaginal fluid between 22-35 weeks if its a + preterm delivery risk increased over 7-14 days
84
what is dizygotic babies mean
faternal babies
85
how are things divided for dizygotic babies
2 zygote the amnions and chorions are seperate the placentas could be fused
86
what happens in week 26-29 fetal development
when a fetus could survive if born, eyelids open, at 28 weeks bone marrow takes over RBC production
87
what changes happen in the muscoskeletal during pregnancy
calcium and phosphorus needs increase
88
what is the contraction stress test
helps predict how fetus will tolerate labor
89
what changes occur in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy
cardiac output increases, vasodilation decreases BP
90
what is the amniocentesis test
ultrasound guided needle aspiration of amniotic fluid to determine chromosome analysis done at 15-20 weeks
91
what is the risk for amniocentesis test
SAB, leaking amniotic fluid
92
why would you do a amniocentesis during 3rd trimester
to determine lung maturity
93
what is supine hypotension syndrome
supine weight of uterus against vena cava obstructing blood flow = decreased blood flow = decreased BP
94
what occurs in week 21-25 of fetal development
significant fetal weight gain, skin appears pink/red r/t blood flow, rapid eye movement begins at 21 weeks, at 24 weeks lungs secrete surfactant
95
what changes occur in the renal system during pregnancy
increases proestrogen relaxes urethra sphincter, musculature and bladder reduced so you need to pee every 2-3 hours
96
what is percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
ultrasound guided needle aspiration of fetal blood from umbilical cord
97
what occurs in week 30-34
pupillary light reflex
98
what changes occur in the GI system during pregnancy
increase uterine size pushes stomach and intestines to back and side resulting in decrease gastric motility, constipation, heart burn, faltulence
99
what is a level 2 ultrasound test
evaulates structural changes associated with genetic conditions
100
what is linea nigra
dark line extending from mons pubis towards umbilicus
101
what is fetal nuchal translucency test
intravaginal ultrasound measuring/identifying excess fluid on back of neck identifying trisomy 13, 18, 21 and turner syndrome
102
what is chloasma-melasma gradidarium
mask of pregnancy - dark brownish pigmentation around the hiarline brow, nose and cheeks
103
what is alpha fetal protein test
maternal blood test to check AFP (made by fetal liver) found in amniotic fluid passes through placenta- done around 15-20 weeks
104
why do we care about oral health during pregnancy
hypertrophy of gums causing decreased birth weight and preeclampsia
105
what changes occur in the mouth during pregnanacy
ptyalism gravidarium - excess salavation hyperemesis - excess vomiting pyrosis - heart burn
106
what occurs in week 35-40 in fetal development
35 week - strong grasp and orientation to light, 38-40 langou and vernix start to disappear
107
what is a fetal non stress test
using toco and ultrasound to look at fetal reactivity over 20-30 min

OB - Kaitlyn (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions