development and inheritance

Question 1

amphimixis

Answer 1

moment of conception

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

fusion of two haploid (23 chromosomes) gametes, each containing chromosomes; produces zygote (46 chromosomes)

Question 3

fertilization site

Answer 3

uterine tube within a day after ovulation

Question 4

oocyte

Answer 4

contains everything needed to support development of embryo for nearly a week

Question 5

ovum

Answer 5

oocyte completes meiosis II, becomes mature ovum

Question 6

zygote

Answer 6

two fused haploid gametes, contains 46 chromosomes

Question 7

morula

Answer 7

stage after 3 days of cleavage

Question 8

gastrulation

Answer 8

forms third layer of cells in embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)

Question 9

blastula

Answer 9

hollow sphere of cells, produced during the development of an embryo by repeated cleavage of a fertilized egg

Question 10

four processes of first trimester

Answer 10

cleavage, implantation, placentation, embryogenesis

Question 11

cleavage

Answer 11

first step after fertilization; zygote becomes pre-embryo; ends when blastocyst hits uterine wall

Question 12

implantation

Answer 12

second step after cleavage; attachment of blastocyst to uterine wall

Question 13

placentation

Answer 13

third step after implantation; blood vessels form around blastocyst; placenta develops to permit blood exchange between mother and embryo

Question 14

embryogenesis

Answer 14

fourth step after placentation; formation of viable embryo; foundation for all major organ systems

Question 15

braxton hicks contractions

Answer 15

false labor; occasional spasms in uterine musculature

Question 16

stages of labor

Answer 16

dilation, expulsion, placental

Question 17

dilation stage

Answer 17

begins with onset of true labor; cervix dilate; frequency of contactions increases; water breaks

Question 18

expulsion stage

Answer 18

cervix dilated to 10 cm; contractions reach maximum intensity; ends when fetus leaves vagina

Question 19

delivery stage

Answer 19

newborn infant enters outside world

Question 20

APGAR newborn’s health assessment

Answer 20

assessment of newborn’s heart rate, breathing, skin color, muscle tone, and reflex response; 8-10 is healthy

Question 21

extra-embryonic membranes

Answer 21

yolk sac, amnion, allantois, chorion

Question 22

ectoderm

Answer 22

integumentary- epidermis, nails, hair follicles, hairs; glands communicating with skin
skeletal- pharyngeal cartilages (auditory ossicles)
nervous- all neural tissue
endocrine- pituitary gland and adrenal medullae
respiratory- mucous epithelium of nasal passageways
digestive- epithelium of mouth and anus; salivary glands

Question 23

mesoderm

Answer 23

urinary- kidneys, nephrons
reproductive- gonads
connective tissues that support all organ systems

Question 24

endoderm

Answer 24

endocrine- thymus, thyroid gland, pancreas
respiratory- respiratory epithelium
digestive- mucous epithelium, exocrine glands, liver, pancreas
urinary- bladder
reproductive- stem cells that produce gametes

Question 25

genome

Answer 25

full set of genetic material (DNA) in our chromosomes

Question 26

chromosomes

Answer 26

contain DNA and proteins