Development Flashcards
What is Apgar score?
Assessment of newborn vital signs following labr via a 10-point scale evaluated at 1 min & 5 min
What is Apgar score based on?
- Apperance
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Activity
- Respiration
What do the Apgar scores mean?
- >7=good
- 4-6= assist & stim
- <4= resuscitate
What happens if an Apgar score is <4 for later time points?
Inc risk that the child will dev LT neurological damage
What is Low birth weight defined as?
<2500g
What is Low birth wt caused by?
Prematurity or intrauterine growth retardation
What are low birth wts assoc w/?
Inc risk of SIDs & w/ inc overall mortality
What are other problems w/ low birth wt?
- Impaired thermoregulation & immune function
- Hypoglycemia
- Polycythemia
- Impaired neurocognitive/emotional dev
What are the complications of low birth wt?
- Infections
- Resp distress synd
- Necrotizing entercolitis
- Intraventricular hemorrhage
- Persistent fetal circulation
What is the age range of an infant?
Birth to 15mo
What is the age range of an Toddler?
12-36mo
What is the age range of a Preschooler?
3-4yo
What are the early developmental milestones?
- Motor
- Social
- Verbal/cognitive
What are the motor milestones from birth to 3 mo?
- Rooting reflex
- Holds head up
- Moro reflex disappears
What are the social milestones from birth to 3 mo?
Social smile
What are the verbal/cognitive milestones from birth to 3mo?
Orients & responds to voice
What are the motor milestones from 7-9mo?
- Sits alone
- Crawls
- Transfers toys from hand to hand
What are the social milestones from 7-9mo?
Stranger anxiety
What are the verbal/cognitive milestones from 7-9 mo?
- Responds to name & simple instructions
- Uses gestures
- Plays peek-a-boo
What are the motor milestone from 12-15 mo?
Walks, Babinski sign disappears
What are the social milestones from 12-15 mo?
Separation anxiety
What are the verbal/cognitive milestones from 12-15 mo?
Few words
What are the motor milestones from 12-24 mo?
- Climb stiars
- Stacks 3 blocks at 1 year
- 6 blocks at 2 year
What are the social milestones from 12-24 mo?
Reapprochment→ moves away from & then returns to mother
What are the verbal/cognitive milestones from 12-24 mo?
200 words & 2-word phrases at age 2
What are the motor milestones from 24-36 mo?
Feeds self w/ fork & spoon
Kicks ball
What are the social milestones from 24-36 mo?
Core gender identiy
Parallel play
What are the verbal/cognitive milestones from 24-36 mo?
Toliet training
What are the motor milestones at 3yr?
- Rides tricycles
- Copies line or circle drawings
What are the social milestones at 3 yr?
Comfortably spends part of day away from mother
What are the verbal/cognitive milestones at 3yr?
900 words & complete sentences
What are the motor milestones at 4yr?
- Use buttons & zippers
- Grooms self (brushes teeth)
- Hops on 1 foot
- Makes simple drawings (stick figures)
What are the social milestones at 4yr?
Cooperative play & Imaginary friends
What are the verbal/cognitive milestones at 4yr?
Can tell detailed stories & use prepostitions
What are the sexual changes in the elderly?
- Men- slower erection/ejaculation, longer refractory period
- Women- vaginal shortening, thinning & dryness
What are the sleep pattern changes in the elderly?
Dec REM & slow-wave sleep; inc latency & awakenings
What inc in the elderly?
Suicide rate
Who have the highest suicide rate in the US?
Men 65-74 years of age
What dec in the elderly?
- Vision
- Hearing
- Immune response
- Bladder control
- Renal, pulmonary & GI function
- Muscle mass & fat
What does NOT dec in the elderly?
Sexual interest or Intelligence
What is normal grief or bereavement characterized by?
- Shock
- Denial
- Guilt
- Somatic sx
- Can last up to 1 yr
- May experience illusions
What does pathologic grief include?
- Intense grief
- Prolonged lasting >2-6 mo
- Grief that is delayed, inhibited or denied
What may pt w/ pathological grief experience?
- Depressive sx
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
