development

Question 1

specific delay defined as ?

Answer 1

delay in 1 of the 4 developmental areas

Question 2

global delay defined as ?

Answer 2

significant delay in 2 or more of the 4 developmental domains

Question 3

Deviation is ?

Answer 3

Not a true delay but development not considered normal (eg autism)

Question 4

Regression defined as ?

Answer 4

where there is normal development followed by a loss of skills previously attained (Rett syndrome/metabolic disorders)

Question 5

RED FLAGS in terms of development??

Answer 5

asymmetry of movement
not reaching for objects by 6 mths
unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
unable to walk by 18 mths
no speech by 10 mths
concerns over vision or hearing
loss of skills

Question 6

Global delays usually caused by what?

Answer 6

Genetic conditions

Question 7

Dysmorphic face, low set ears, single palmar crease, short little finger, gap between hallux and 2nd toe, duodenal atresia - Dx?

Answer 7

Downs syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 8

Microcephaly, small jaw, low set ears, wide spaced eyes, absent radius, rocker bottom feet, webbing of 2nd and 3rd toes - Dx?

Answer 8

Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)

Question 9

Cyclopia (one eye??), microcephaly, extra fingers - Dx?

Answer 9

Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)

Question 10

Microcephaly, high pitched cry (cats cry), moon face with wide spaced eyes - Dx?

Answer 10

Cru di chat (deletion chromosome 5)

Question 11

Long protruding ears, long face, high arched palate, flat feet, hypermobility of joints -Dx?

Answer 11

Fragile X

Question 12

Cardiac abnormalities (tetralogy), abnormal face (flat, cleft), hypocalcaemia, increased risk of infections and future risk of schizophrenia - Dx?

Answer 12

Di George syndrome (deletion of chromosome 22)

Question 13

Cerebral palsy:

1) Pre natal causes??
2) Peri natal causes??
3) post natal causes??

Answer 13

1) alcohol, TORCH infections
2) hypoxia, distress, trauma, kernicterus, hypoglycaemia
3) periventricular haemorraghe, hypoxia, encephalitis

Question 14

presentation of cerebral palsy?

Answer 14

delayed motor development
learning disability (not always)
progressive CNS signs - weakness and altered sensation

Question 15

Cerebral palsy affecting all 4 limbs ?

Answer 15

quadraplegic

Question 16

cerebral palsy affecting one arm and one leg (same side??) ??

Answer 16

hemiplegic

Question 17

both legs affected ??

Answer 17

paraplegic

Question 18

both legs affected with minimal involvement elsewhere??

Answer 18

diplegic