Development

Question 1

GDP (gross domestic product)-

Answer 1

The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year. It’s often given in us$.

Question 2

Traditional society-

Answer 2

Most people work in agriculture but produces little surplus. This is a ‘subsistence economy’.

Question 3

Pre conditions for take off-

Answer 3

There’s a shift from farming to manufacturing. Trade increases profits, which are invested into new industries and infrastructure. Agriculture produces cash crops for sale.

Question 4

Take off-

Answer 4

Growth is rapid and technology creates new manufacturing industries. Investment from profits from overseas.

Question 5

Drive to maturity-

Answer 5

A period of growth. Technology used and industries produce consumer goods.

Question 6

Age of high mass consumption-

Answer 6

A period of comfort. Consumers enjoy wide ranges of goods. Chose how to spend wealth.

Question 7

Economic development-

Answer 7

Growth in countries that links to income, jobs and the purchasing power of the people.

Question 8

Political development-

Answer 8

Growth in countries that links to government power, building of democracies and laws.

Question 9

Social development-

Answer 9

Growth in countries that links to health, welfare, education and the power of women.

Question 10

Poverty line-

Answer 10

The minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs.

Question 11

Higher income countries (HICs)-

Answer 11

HICs are the wealthiest countries in the world, where the GNO per head is high and most citizens have a high quality of life.

Question 12

Lower income countries (LICs)-

Answer 12

LICs are the poorest countries in the world, where the GNI per head is very low and most citizens have a low quality of life.

Question 13

Newly emerging economies (NEEs)-

Answer 13

NEEs are rapidly getting richer as their economy is moving from being based on primary industry to secondary industry. Quality of life for many citizens is improving.

Question 14

Physical factors can affect how developed a country is.

A country is more likely to be less developed if it has…

Answer 14

1. A poor climate
2. Poor farming land
3. Few raw materials
4. lots of natural hazard

Question 15

Historical reasons for uneven development-

Answer 15

1. Colonialism

2. Conflict

Question 16

Economic development can cause uneven development.

A country is more likely to be at a lower level of development if it has…

Answer 16

1. Poor trade links
2. Lots of debt
3. An economy Based on primary products.

Question 17

Uneven development has consequences.
Uneven development leads to great differences in wealth and health, and has caused large flows of international migration.

Answer 17

1. Wealth
2. Health
3. International migration.

Question 18

Top down development:

Answer 18

1. Government give money - corrupt governments don’t care about locals.
2. More expensive - afford major construction.
3. Helps more people - gives jobs
4. More people moved out of homes.
5. People have no input.

Question 19

Bottom up development-

Answer 19

1. More charity work - receive donations.
2. Not as much money spent.
3. Helps specific people.
4. People have an input
5. Cheap resources - can’t afford major construction.

Question 20

Primary industry (India)

Answer 20

Employs 50% of the working population, but is becoming a smaller part of India’s economy. It makes up only 17% of its GDP.

Question 21

Secondary industry (India)

Answer 21

Has grown to employ 22% of the workforce with reliable jobs, and selling manufactured goods overseas brings more income into India than selling raw materials.

Question 22

Foreign direct investment-

Answer 22

Any money or investment that comes from overseas companies. In India this is TNCs investing in it and call centres.

Question 23

Freaks dependency model-

Answer 23

Goods move from the core to semi-periphery.
Semi-periphery move resources to core
Resources from periphery to core
Goods from core to periphery.

Question 24

Malawi-

Answer 24

Malawi is landlocked me ain’t there is no way to import or export goods.
No sanitation or waste management.
Air pollution is increasing.
Water shortages as climate changes.
85% of population is rural.

Question 25

TNCs (trans-national corporations)-

Answer 25

Are companies that are located in, or produce and sell products in more than one country.

Question 26

TNC advantages-

Answer 26

1. Create jobs in all countries they’re located in.
2. Employees in poorer countries get a more reliable income to jobs like farming.
3. spend money to improve the local infrastructure,e.g airports and roads.
4. New technology (e.g computers) are skills brought to poorer countries.

Question 27

TNC disadvantages-

Answer 27

1. Employees in poorer countries may be paid lower wages than employees in richer countries.
2. Employees in poorer countries may have to work long hours in poor conditions.
3. Most TNCs come from richer countries so the profits go back there- they aren’t reinvested in the poorer countries the TNC operates in.
4. The jobs created in poorer countries aren’t secure- the TNC could relocate the jobs to another country at any time.