Development Flashcards
Normal child development is divided into four functional areas. What are they?
- Gross Motor
- Vision and Fine Motor
- Hearing, speech and language
- Social emotional and behavioural
What adjustments would you make for a premature baby when assessing their development?
Take into account their CORRECTED AGE = calculate their age from their expected date, rather than their birth date.
*no longer needed after baby is 2 years of age
Milestones in gross motor development?
- Newborn = Limbs flexed, symmetrical posture
Marked head lag on pulling up - 6-8 weeks = raises head in 45 degrees in prone
position - 6-8 months = sits without support, rolls
- 8-9 months = crawling
- 10 months = cruises around furniturw
- 12 months = walking unsteadily
- 15 months = walks steadily
- 24 months = walks up steps
- 36 months = jumps
Milestones in Vision and Fine Motor?
- 6 weeks = follows moving object by turning head
- 4 months = reaches out for toys
- 4-6 months = palmar grasp
- 7 months = transfers toys from one hand to the other
- 10 months = mature pincer grip
- 16-18 months = makes marks with crayon
- 18 months - 3 blocks stacked
- 24 months - 6 blocks stacked
- 30 months - 8 blocks
- 36 months - bridge
- 48 months - steps
Hearing, speech and language
- Newborn - startles to loud noises
- 3-4 months - vocalises, alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs
- 7 months - turns to soft sounds out of sight
- 7-10 months - at 10 months sounds used discriminately to parents ( ‘dada’ or ‘mama’)
- 12 months - two or 3 words other than dada or mam
- 18 months - 6-10 words, points out two parts of the body
- 20-24 months - uses simple phrases ‘give me teddy bitch’
- 30 -36 months - talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences
Milestones in social, emotional and behavioral development?
- 6 weeks - smiles responsively
- 6-8 months - puts food in mouth
- 10-12 months - waves bye-bye, plays peek-a-boo
- 12 months - drinks from cup with 2 hands
- 18 months - holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth
- 24 months - symbolic play
- 30-36 months - interactive play, takes turn
When does not meeting a Gross Motor milestone become concerning?
Not sitting by 1 year
Not walking at 18 months
When does not meeting Fine Motor milestone become concerning?
Hand preference BEFORE 18 months
When does not meeting a Speech and Language milestone become concerning?
Not smiling by 3 months
No clear words by 18 months
When does not meeting a Social development milestone become concerning?
No response to carers interactions by 8 weeks
Not interested in playing with peers by 3 years
What would be Red Flags signs for development?
Regression Poor health/growth Significant family history Findings on examination e.g microcephaly, dysmorphic features Safeguarding indicators
Genetic Causes of Childhood Developmental Delay?
Chromosomal disorders e.g Down syndrome
Single gene disorders e.g Rett Syndrome, Duchennes
Polygenic ; Autism, ADHD
Factors in Pregnancy that cause Childhood Developmental Delay
Congenital infections e.g CMV, HIV
Exposure to drugs and alcohol
MCA infarct – cerebral palsy
Factors around birth that cause Childhood Developmental Delay
Prematurity
Birth Asphyxia
Factor is in Childhood that causes Developmental Delay
Infections e.g meningitis, encepalitis
Chronic ill health
Metabolic conditions e.g storage disorders
Acquired brain injury – accidental or non-accidental
Hearing impairment
Vision impairment
