Development Flashcards
What are normal milestones for a newborn baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- ventral suspension = head droops, flexed hips, limbs hang
- moro reflex present
- palmar + plantar grasp reflex
- marked head lag
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- hands fisted
- closed eyes to sudden bright light
HEARING/SPEECH
- stills to sound
- startles to sudden loud sounds
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- alrenates between drowsiness and alert wakefulness - findings during exam depend on these
WARNING SIGNS
- hyper or hypotonia
- assymetrical reflexes
- excessive head lag
- poor sucking
Normal milestones in a 6 week old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- some head control
- prone - head to side, buttocks moderately high
- moro reflex present
- ventral suspension - head in line with body, hips semi-flexed
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- stares
- follows horizontally to 90 degrees
- places hand in mouth
HEARING/SPEECH
- startle response
- coos responsively to mothers talk
- turns to look at sound
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- smiles
WARNING SIGNS
- no visual fixation or following
- asymmetry of tone or movement
- floppy
- excessive head lag
- failure to smile
- no response to sound
Normal milestones for a 3 month old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- pulls to sit - little/no head lag
- prone - support on forearms, lifts head, buttocks flat
- beginning to develop reflex standing when held
- moro begins to disappear
- may start rolling
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- follows through 180 degrees
- holds rattle when placed in hand
- watches own hand
- pulls at clothes
HEARING/SPEECH
- coos and chuckles
- quieting with familiar sounds
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- excited when fed
- reacts to familiar situations
WARNING SIGNS
- absent vocalisation
- excessive startle to visual stimuli
Normal milestones for 6 month old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- pulls to sit - braces shoulders, sits with support
- prone - lifts head and chest wall up
- support on extended arms and hands
- reaches out with one hand supporting the other
- supine - lifts lef and plays with feet, foot to mouth
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- reaches for objects with the centre of palm and grasps with all fingers
- transfers toy from one hand to the other
HEARING/SPEECH
- babbling at 4 months
- repetitive vowels - sing song
- turns to mothers voice across room
- lols
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- takes everything to mouth
- responds to mirror images
- starts holding bottles
WARNING SIGNS
- floppy
- failure to use both hands
- doesn’t turn to sound
- poor response to people
- doesn’t vocalise
Normal milestones for 9 month old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- sits without support, moves body without losing balance
- rolls
- attempts to crawl
- rocks on all fours
- pulls to stand
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- immediately reaches out
- holds a cube in each hand
- picks up small toys with ends of fingers
- pointing
- removes peg man but can’t return it
HEARING/SPEECH
- vocalises deliberately
- babbles, initiates sounds
- understands bye bye or no
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- stranger anxiety
- hold bottle or cup
WARNING SIGNS
- unable to sit
- hand preference present
- fisting, squinting
- persistent refleces
- monotonous vocalisation
Normal milestones in a 10 month old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- pulls to stand
- lifts 1 foot
- walks with both hands held
- may cruise around furniture
- sitting - beginning protective backwards extension of arms
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- picks up small object between thumb and index finger
- voluntary release begins
HEARING/SPEECH
- shakes head for no
- waves bye bye
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- plays peek a boo
WARNING SIGNS
- floppy/monotonous vocalisation/hand preference/persistent reflexes
Normal milestones for 1 year old?
GROSS MOTOR
- bear walks
- walks around furniture
- lifts one foot and stepping sideways
- may walk alone with feet wide and arms high
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- pincer grasp
- releases object on request
- over releases
HEARING/SPEECH
- knows own name
- jargons 2-3 words with meaning
- comprehends simple instructions
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- finger feeds
- pushes arm into sleeve
- drinks from a cup
- plays games
WARNING SIGNS
- unable to sit and bear weight
- abnormal grasp
- failure to respond to sound
- no speech
Normal milestones for 15 month old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- walks alone with uneven steps
- steps with arms out for balance
- collapses backwards
- creeps upstairs, goes downstairs backwards
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- 2 cube tower
HEARING/SPEECH
- jabbers with expression
- 2-6 words spoken
- points at objects on request
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- holds and drinks from a cup
- attempts feeding with a spoon and spills most
WARNING SIGNS
- unable to sit/bear weight, abnormal grasp, failure to respond to sound, no speech
Normal milestone for 18 month old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- walks well with arms down and can stop and start
- can not turn unless still
- pulls at toys
- throws a ball
- climbs onto chair
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- 3 cube tower
- scribbles
- may start showing hand preference
HEARING/SPEECH
- uses 6-20 recognisable words
- begins to put 2 words together
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- handles spoon and cup
- indicates wet nappies
- enjoys picture books
WARNING SIGNS
- failure to walk
- no pincer grip
- inability to understand simple commands
- no spontaneous vocalisation
- mouthing, drooling
Normal milestones for a 2 year old baby?
GROSS MOTOR
- runs
- up and down steps with 2 feet per step
- can kick a ball
- squats and rises without hands
- can plan movement (under/over)
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- 6 cube tower
- train with cubes
- imitates verticle line
- hand preference usually obvious
HEARING/SPEECH
- short phrases
- uses 50+ words
- puts 2 or 3 words together
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- spoon feeds without spilling
- clean and dry by day
- pretend play
WARNING SIGNS
- unable to understand simple commands
- tremor
- incoordinate
- severe clumsiness
Normal milestones in a 3yo?
GROSS MOTOR
- rides a tricycle
- up steps one foot per step
- climbs
- walks on tiptoe
- throws + kicks ball
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- 9 cube tower
- builds a bridge with cubes
- copies circle
- cuts with scissors
- 2 piece jigsaw
- threads large beads
HEARING/SPEECH
- knows name and sex
- uses pronouns
- talks incessantly
- large vocabulary
- intelligible to strangers
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- toilet trained
- dresses with supervision
- eats with fork
WARNING SIGNS
- ataxia
- using single words only
Normal miletones for 4yo?
GROSS MOTOR
- up and down stairs with one foot per step
- stands on one foot for 3-5 seconds
- hops on foot
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- copies cross
- 3 piece puzzle
HEARING/SPEECH
- full name, home address, age
- recognises colours
- speech should be grammatically correct + intelligible
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- eats with spoon + fork
- washes and dries hands
- dresses and undresses
- makes believe play
- eternally asking questions
WARNING SIGNS
- speech difficult to understand because of poor articulation or omission of consonants
Normal milestones for 5yo?
GROSS MOTOR
- walks easily in narrow line
- can hop on each foot separately
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- copies square + triangle
- draws a man with all features
- can print a few letters
- good control with writing + drawing
HEARING/SPEECH
- fluent speech
- full name, age, birthday, address, use of conjunctions “although”
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- use knife + fork
- undresses + dresses alone
- chooses own friends
WARNING SIGNS
- emotional immaturity
- clumsiness, poor fine motor skills
Normal milestones in 6yo?
GROSS MOTOR
- sits up without help of hands
- walks backwards along straight line
FINE MOTOR/VISION
- copies diamond but odd shape
HEARING/SPEECH
- learns irregular forms of nouns/verbs
- learns comparatives
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
- cooperative play - leadership and division of labour
WARNING SIGNS
- clumsy
- poor posture
- poor pencil grip
