Development Flashcards
What is GDP
Gross domestic product - value of finished goods and services produced by a country in a year, usually expressed in amount per head of population
What is GNI
Gross national income - total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country in a year, plus all net income earned by that country and its population including overseas investments
Name 3 economic indicators of development
Wealth
Income
Jobs
Name 4 social indicators
Quality of life
Health
Education
Basic infrastructure
Name 3 demographic indicators
Life expectancy
Population
Migration
Name 3 political indicators
Democracy/ dictatorships
Justice
Freedom
Name 2 cultural indicators
Role of women
Religion
Life expectancy
Average age to which a person lives to
Infant mortality rate
Number of babies who die below age one
Literacy rate
Percentage of adults who can read and write
Physical factors affecting development
Climate Relief and drainage Natural hazards Landlocked countries Natural resources
Management strategies used to control malaria
- Village health centres and issuing information and education through primary health care schemes
- Draining areas of stagnant water - swamps, and using water management schemes to destroy breeding grounds
- Cover skin with clothing and use repellent
- Sprays and creams
- Anti malarial drugs - expensive and have to be taken regularly
- Spraying eggs whilst on stagnant surfaces to suffocate mosquito larvae by clogging breathing tubes
What is primary health care
- Aimed at developing nations with limited resources
- Utilises local remedies and affordable medication
- Trains local people who are trusted in their local communities
- Low cost healthcare
- Prioritises rural areas where access to healthcare is minimal
Why primary health care
- Limited finances available
- Increases life expectancy
- Only serious cases go to hospital
- Low training costs - only $150 to train workers in India
- Healthier population = wealthier population
- Concentrating on preventing diseases which saves money long term
What is a barefoot doctor
People who receive basic medical training.
Example - China
Abolished in 1981 and within 3 years health coverage in rural areas had decreased by 85%
1985 government announced barefoot doctors could sit exam
Primary health care: Diarrhoea
Oral rehydration therapy - simple treatment for dehydration associated with diarrhoea. Mixture of salt and sugar with clean water. Cheap and simple and can be administrated by untrained staff
Primary health care - vaccination programmes
UNICEF run vaccination programmes work in rural areas where people find it more difficult to access health care
By 2014 polio was endemic in only 3 countries - Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria
Primary health care: Improving sanitation
Providing a small scale clean water supply by ensuring effective sanitation is in place
Charities such as water aid work with countries such as Kenya and other aid agencies to improve water and sanitation by installing pit latrines and water pumps
Primary health care: Providing local facilities
The building of small local health centres
- Using local labour and building facilities
- Staffed by visiting doctors
Used lc al labour, providing jobs and is often cheaper
Provides training/ transferable skills for the participants and gains faster acceptance/ usage in the local and wider community
Primary health care: Health awareness
Health education schemes in schools, community plays/ songs concerning AIDS, with groups of expectant mothers or women in relation to diet and hygiene
- Effective in communities especially where there is a illiteracy such as South Sudan
Primary health care case study
Nicaragua
MOSAFC
Since 2007 the Nicaraguan government implanted a health care strategy called MOSAFC which is a family and community health care model
What is MOSAFC
Provides the population with free health cover and access. The emphasis is on health promotion and preventing ill health
Between 2003 and 2013:
- Health expenditure rose by 41%
- Number of nurses grew from 4329 - 2182
Nicaragua millennial development goals
- Under 5 mortality has fallen from 59.8 per 1000 - 23.6 per 1000
- Infant mortality has fallen from 46.2 per 1000 - 20 per 1000
HOWEVER - Prevalence of HIV in the 15-24 age group has risen from 0.1% to 0.2%
