Development Flashcards
Reflexes disappearing: 1-6 months (4)
- Ankle Clonus: Disappears at one month
- Palmar grasp: Disappears at 2 months
- Stepping: Disappears at 2-4 months
- Moro: Disappears at 3-6 months
Weight gain: 1-6 months
One ounce per day
Head circ growth: 1-6 months
Months 1-3: 2cm per month
Months 4-6: 1 cm per month
Disappearance of fontanels
Posterior: 2 months
Anterior: 18 months - 2 years
Developmental milestone: One month
Lifts and turns head
Red flags: One month (indicates what)
Early rolling (increased tone)
Developmental milestones: 5 weeks (3)
- Regards face
- Lifts head while prone
- Equal movement of extremities
Developmental milestones: 2 months (4)
- Can raise head (some up to 45 degrees)
- Active grasp (as reflex disappears)
- Follows to or past midline
- Responsive smile
Developmental milestones: 3 months (4)
- Raise head above ventral plane + legs extend to 90 degrees
- Hand contact
- Grasp rattle
- Follows past midline
Developmental milestones: 4 months (5)
- Can sit with head steady
- No head lag (some can roll over)
- Regards own hands, midline
- Some can follow to 180 degrees
- Can raise chest and head when prone
Developmental milestones: 5 months
- Can be pulled to standing
- Head erect and steady
- Begins to roll from prone to supine
Which way does a baby roll first?
- From prone to supine (5 months)
- Then from supine to prone (6 months)
Developmental milestones: 6 months (5)
- Transfers object hand to hand
- Interested in leg and feet
- Roll over from supine to prone
- Reaches
- Some can feed selves
At what age does a baby demonstrate a clear preference for its care provider?
6 months
Red flags at 3 months (3)
- No social smile: Evaluate environment
- Persistent fisting (hypertonic)
- Failure to alert to visual / auditory stimuli
Red flags at 4 months (3)
- Poor head control
- No social smile
- Pulling directly to stand (hypertonic)
Red flag at 5 months
Failure to reach for an object
Red flags at 6 months (2)
- Persistence of primative reflexes
- No babbling
What primitive reflexes should disappear by 6 months? (4)
- Ankle Clonus (1 month)
- Palmar grasp (2 months)
- Placing / stepping (2-4 mo)
- Moro (3-6 mo)
What receptive language does a baby display from birth to 3 months? (3)
- Responds to voices and sounds
- Preference for parental voice
- May orient by turning eye
What expressive language does a baby display from birth to three months? (4)
- Has different cries for different needs
- Vocalizes (coos, gurgles)
- Reciprocal vocalization
- Some babies are laughing at 3 months
What receptive language does a baby display from 3-6 months? (3)
- Enjoys rattling toys
- Works to locate person speaking
- Responds to name at six months
Expressive language from 3-6 months
laughter
Two reflexes that disappear between 6-12 months
- Tonic Neck (7-8 months)
- Babinski (disappears with walking)
Daily weight gain: 7-12 months
.5 oz per day
Head circumference growth per month - 7-12 months
0.5 cm per month
Increased length by the baby’s first birthday
9-11”
Development characteristics: 7 months
- Hand as a rake
- Responds to changes in facial expressions
- Pivot in prone position to go after object
Development characteristics: 8 months (6)
- Sits without help
- Stands if hands are held
- Separation anxiety
- Peek-a-boo
- Feeds self
- Turns to voice
Development characteristics: 9 months (6)
- Stands holding on (may take steps)
- Pass cube (releases on request)
- Creep or crawl
- Poke with index finger; pincer motion
- Object permanence
- Less dependent on mother
Red flags: 7 months (1)
- No rolling from prone to supine
Red flags: 9 months
- No reciprocal vocalization
- No rolling supine to prone
Red flags: 10 months (2)
- Inability to localize sound
- No unsupported sitting
Developmental characteristic: 10 months
Parachute reaction appears
Development Characteristics at 12 months (7)
- Pulls to stand or stands alone
- Rise independently to take step
- Bangs two cubes in hands, extends object and releases it into offered hand
- Imitates activities
- Pincer without ulnar
- Games with ball
- May show knowledge of objects by behavior
Receptive language: 6-9 months (2)
- Looks to family member when named
- Begins to understand words
Expressive language: 6-9 months (4)
- Repetitive constants (mama, baba) - but words are nonspecific (eg mama and dada nonspecific)
- Responds to name
- Single syllables; imitates speech
- Babbling
Receptive language at 9-12 months (4)
- Understands verbal cues
- Peek-a-boo
- Responds when name is called
- Understands 70 words at 12 months
Expressive language at 9-12 months (5)
- First word as early as 10 months
- Uses mama and dada specifically
- Imitates
- Waves bye-bye
- Reaches to be picked up
In the second year:
- Weight gain
- Length increase
- Head circ increase
5-6 pounds
5” (length)
2cm (head)
Developmental milestones: 15 months (5)
- Stoop and recover - walks well
- Puts block in cup; cube tower
- Waves bye bye
- Puts pellet in small bottle
- Manages drinking cup
Ref flags: 15 months (2)
- No consonant production
- No words
Receptive language: 12 - 18 months (1)
Follows 1-step commands
Expressive language: 12-18 months (4)
- Babies have up to six words by 18 months (at least 3)
- Shakes head
- Points to object by 18 months
- Repeats words, says no
Developmental milestones: 1-3 years (6)
- Walks backwards, up stairs one at a time with hand held
- Scribbles
- Dumps pellets from bottle
- Some children help in the house
- Lifts elbow
- Stacks two blocks
Developmental milestone: 20 months
Go down stairs one at a time with one hand
Receptive language: 18-24 months (2)
- Follows 2 step directions
- Enjoys simple stories
Expressive language: 18-24 months (3)
- LANGUAGE EXPLOSION
- Up to 50 words, with an average of 200 words by age 2
- 50% intelligible
How many teeth does a baby have at 2 and 2.5 years?
14-16 teeth at 2
20 teeth at 2.5
Developmental milestones at 2 years (8)
- Down stairs
- Kicks ball forward
- Removes article of clothing
- Tower of 7 cubes
- Knows male / female
- Imitate circular strokes, horizontal line
- Empty trash cans, drawers
- Parallel play
Receptive language: 24-30 months
Able to point to different actions
Expressive language: 24-30 months (3)
- Less jargon
- Simple questions
- Joins in songs
Red flags at 18 months (3)
- Hand dominance (Before 18 months = hemiparesis)
- Not walking independently
- Persistant tone walking (increased tone, achilles heal tightness)
Red flags: 2 years (2)
- Inability to walk up and down stairs
- No two-word sentences
Increase in height:
- By 1 year
- 2 years
- 3 years
- 4 years
- By 1 year: 9-11”
- 2 years: 5”
- 3 years: 3-4”
- 4 years: 2-3”
When can a child first scribble?
18 months
What can a child draw…
- At 18 months?
- At 2 years?
- At 3 years?
- 18 months: Scribbles
- 2 years: Imitate circular strokes, horizontal line
- 3 years: Copies circle
What can a child draw…
- At 4 years?
- At 5 years?
- At 6 years?
- At 7 years?
- 4 years: Draws cross, 4.5 years: 6 point person
- 5 years: Copies closed square
- 6 years: Draws triangle
- 7 years: Draws hexagon
Gender:
2
3
5
2 years: Knows male / female
3 years: Shows gender preference
5 years: Knows how male / female “should” dress.
