Development

Question 1

When is the Apgar score assessed?

Answer 1

1 minute and 5 minutes following labour. It is an assessment of newborn vital signs on a 10 point scale (p.59)

Question 2

What does Apgar score measure and what do the scores mean?

Answer 2

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. Greater than/ equal to 7 = good; 4-6 = assist and stimulate; <4 = resuscitate (p.59)

Question 3

Define low birth weight and list potential problems/ complications.

Answer 3

Defined as <2500g. Associated with increased risk of SIDS and increased overall mortality. Other problems: impaired thermoregulation/ immune function, hypoglycemia, polycythemia (inc. RBCs), imparied development. Complications: respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, persistent fetal circulation (p.59)

Question 4

What are the motor milestones for an infant aged birth-3 mos?

Answer 4

Rooting reflex, holds head up, moro reflex disappears (p.59)

Question 5

What are the social milestones for an infant aged birth-3 mos?

Answer 5

Social smile (p.59)

Question 6

What are the verbal/cognitive milestones for an infant aged birth-3 mos?

Answer 6

Orients and responds to voice (p.59)

Question 7

What are the motor milestones for an infant aged 7-9 mos?

Answer 7

Sits alone, crawls, transfers toys from hand to hand (p.59)

Question 8

What are the social milestones for an infant aged 7-9 mos?

Answer 8

Stranger anxiety (p.59)

Question 9

What are the verbal/cognitive milestones for an infant aged 7-9 mos?

Answer 9

Responds to name and simple instructions, uses gestures, plays peek-a-boo (p.59)

Question 10

What are the motor milestones for an infant aged 12-15 mos?

Answer 10

Walks, Babinski sign disappears (p.59)

Question 11

What are the social milestones for an infant aged 12-15 mos?

Answer 11

Separation anxiety (p.59)

Question 12

What are the verbal/cognitive milestones for an infant aged 12-15 mos?

Answer 12

Few words (p.59)

Question 13

What are the motor milestones for a toddler aged 12-24 mos?

Answer 13

Climbs stairs, stacks 3 blocks at 1 year, 6 blocks at 2 years (p.59)

Question 14

What are the social milestones for a toddler aged 12-24 mos?

Answer 14

Rapprochement (moves away from then returns to mother) (p.59)

Question 15

What are the verbal/cognitive milestones for a toddler aged 12-24 mos?

Answer 15

200 words and 2 word phrases (p.59)

Question 16

What are the motor milestones for a toddler aged 24-36 mos?

Answer 16

Feeds self with fork and spoon, kicks ball (p.59)

Question 17

What are the social milestones for a toddler aged 24-36 mos?

Answer 17

Core gender identity, parallel play (p.59)

Question 18

What are the verbal/cognitive milestones for a toddler aged 24-36 mos?

Answer 18

Toliet training (p.59)

Question 19

What are the motor milestones for a child aged 3 years?

Answer 19

Rides tricycle, copies line or circle drawings (p.59)

Question 20

What are the social milestones for a child aged 3 years?

Answer 20

Comfortably spends part of day away from mother (p.59)

Question 21

What are the verbal/cognitive milestones for a child aged 3 years?

Answer 21

900 words and complete sentances (p.59)

Question 22

What are the motor milestones for a child aged 4 years?

Answer 22

Uses buttons and zippers, grooms self (brushes teeth), hops on 1 foot, makes simple drawings (stick figures) (p.59)

Question 23

What are the social milestones for a child aged 4 years?

Answer 23

Cooperative play, imaginary friends (p.59)

Question 24

What are the verbal/cognitive milestones for a child aged 4 years?

Answer 24

Can tell detailed stories and use propositions (p.59)

Question 25

What sexual changes occur in elderly males?

Answer 25

Slower erection/ejaculation, longer refractory period (p.60)

Question 26

What sexual changes occur in elderly females?

Answer 26

Vaginal shortening, thinning, and dryness (p.60)

Question 27

What sleep changes occur in elderly patients?

Answer 27

Decreased REM and slow wave sleep, increased latency and awakenings (p.60)

Question 28

Name several other changes that occur in elderly patients.

Answer 28

Increased suicide rate, decreased vision, hearing, immune response, bladder control, decreased renal, pulmonary, GI function, decreased muscle mass, increased fat (p.60)

Question 29

Compare normal bereavement to pathologic grief.

Answer 29

Normal bereavement is characterized by shock, denial, guilt, and somatic symptoms. It can last up to one year and the patient may experience illusions. Pathologic grief includes excessively intense grief or prolonged grief lasting more than 2-6 months; or grief that is delayed, inhibited, or denied. Patients may experience depressive symptoms, delusions, and hallucinations (p.60).