development Flashcards
When does birthweight double?
5 months
How much of birthweight does a newborn lose and when is it regained?
Average loss of 10% and should regain by 3rd week
What is the average height of a newborn?
50 cm
When does birth length double? When does it triple?
Age 4
Age 13
What happens to birth length by age 1?
Goes up by 50%
What is the average head circumference of a full term newborn?
35 cm
What is the normal growth of head circumference for the first 12 months ?
1 cm per month until 6 months old
1/2 cm per month until 12 months old
What is macrocephaly?
Head at 98th% - considered normal
What is hydrocephaly?
Large head since birth with signs of neurological problem
What is the definition of microcephaly?
> 3 standard deviations below the mean
What are 4 major organic causes of failure to thrive?
Chronic renal failure
Metabolic disorder
Inadequate absorption
Inadequate utilization
What is the appropriate growth per year in children over age 1?
5cm/year
What are the 3 most common causes of intellectual disability?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fragile x syndrome
Down syndrome
What are the IQ scores in patients with severe intellectual disability?
<34
What are the IQ scores for mild and moderate intellectual disability?
Mild 50-69
Moderate 35-49
What is the condition in which a child has normal development until age 1 and then regresses?
Rett syndrome
Up until what age is it normal for a child to have difficulty pronouncing certain consonants?
Age 6
What should you do for an 18 month old with language delay?
Hearing test then referral to speech
Up until what age is letter reversal normal?
Age 7
When should a child know how to read simple words?
End of first grade
What two types of medications can alter school performance ?
Anticonvulsants
Antihistamines
What should you consider in a patient with normal IQ but below normal scores on achievement testing?
Specific learning disability
What should be the first consideration in a patient with poor school performance?
Medical conditions or emotional issues
An infant is cooing and lifts head and shoulders off bed…how old is he?
2 months
When should head lag disappear?
5 months
When does Moro reflex disappear?
3-6 months
A child can roll from prone to supine and laughs, how old is he?
4 months
A child turns directly to a voice and rolls both directions, how old is he?
6 months
A child responds to his name and plays peek a boo, how old is he?
9 months
A child can say mama specifically and points for requests a what age?
Age 1
At what age should a child be able to point to a body part and scribble?
15 months
at what age can a child point to show interest?
18 months
How many words should an 18 Month old know?
10-20
What age can a child throw a ball?
18 months
At what age does a patient have 50% intelligible speech?
2 years
How many blocks can a 2 year old stack?
6
At what age can a child copy a circle?
Age 3
At what age should speech be 100% understandable ?
4 y/I
What developmental level would you expect a 30 week old premie to be at 8 weeks of age?
Full term baby ( not a 2 month old )
How many cubes should a child be able the stack at 18 months, 24 months and 36 months?
2-3 cubes
4-6 cubes
8 cubes
If a child is unable to walk independently, by what age should you intervene?
18 months
If a child can not speak a single word, at what age should you intervene?
2 years old
If a child does not turn to sound, at what age should you intervene?
6 months
At what age do you need to intervene if a child is not sitting ?
9 months
At what age should a child be able to speak in 3 word sentences?
36 months
When should stuttering require a workup?
Only if facial tics and, if child older then age 4 or if persists >2 months
During what ages is head banging normal?
8 months to 4 years
What should be done if a preschool aged child is masterbating?
Nothing. This is considered normal unless the child is imitating sexual activity
What is the definition of a phobia ?
Excessive anxiety that interferes with daily function >6 months
What 7 things should be ruled out in a patient who presents with signs of ADHD?
Visual/hearing deficit Iron deficiency/anemia Lead toxicity Hyperthyroidism CNS infection/head trauma Meds: anti epileptics/antihistamine Fragile X or fetal alcohol syndrome
What type of neuro imaging should be done in the workup for ADHD?
None - unless neurological concerns
When are drug holidays necessary in children on stimulants ?
Never
How can you distinguish a tic vs choreiform movements?
Tics are repetitive and improve with purposeful movements
Choreiform movements do not follow a pattern and increase during purposeful movements
