Development

Question 0

Anne of Kiev, queen of Henri I said in 11th century

Answer 0

The houses were gloomy, the churches ugly and the customs revolting.

Question 1

Robert I restored the…

Answer 1

Palais de la Cité and rebuilt the abbeys of St Germain des Prés and St Germain l’Auxerrois.

Question 2

According to Horne, Abbé Suger was a…

Answer 2

Product and epitome of the twelfth-century renaissance, as well as being a profound influence in the aesthetic development of France and of Paris.

Question 3

Abbot Suger believed that if the common people could not grasp the Scriptures then…

Answer 3

they could best be taught them through the medium of pictures, or stories carved in stone.

Question 4

Suger’s approach was a substantial divergence from the fundamental Muslim approach, which allowed…

Answer 4

no representation of the human figure.

Question 5

Victor Hugo said that in the Middle Ages…

Answer 5

human genius had no important thought which it did not write down in stone.

Question 6

In 1132, Suger decided to rebuild the ancient romanesque abbey at St. Denis, adding Gothic features such as…

Answer 6

soaring spires, lofty rib vaults and pointed arches.

Question 7

St Denis and Notre Dame (1163) had to be rebuilt because…

Answer 7

They were too small. On feast days, people were sometimes crushed to death.

Question 8

Notre Dame added a religious ‘tone and gravitas’ that had been missing in the city…

Answer 8

At a service to bless the departure of the Second Crusade, a fight broke out between Italian and Parisian priests, and Louis VII was struck in the face.

Question 9

Churches were often compared to…

Answer 9

ships steering for harbour.

Question 10

Notre dame took … centuries to complete.

Answer 10

2

Question 11

As in Roman days, under Sully the Parvis of Notre Dame became the true centre of Paris, with all distances of main roads measured from…

Answer 11

a bronze plaque set in the middle of it.

Question 12

In the 13th and 14th centuries alone, ….. popes came from Notre Dame’s seminaries.

Answer 12

6

Question 13

Notre Dame’s role and reputation declined over time. In the 14th century, the streets neighbouring it were designated by the provost of Paris as an area for…

Answer 13

prostitution. Other buildings such as St. Denis, Rheims and Sainte-Chapelle took over its functions.

Question 14

At the same time as he was building Notre Dame, Sully built the…

Answer 14

Hotel Die, named and patronised by Philippe Augustus, on the foundations of an older hospital.

Question 15

Sully asked that every canon of Notre-Dame should bequeath a bed to Hotel Dieu, since one bed was often shared by…

Answer 15

5 people.

Question 16

Under Sully’s administration, patients at the Hotel Dieu were separated for the first time by…

Answer 16

sex and illness.

Question 17

In Suger’s time, Louis VI was important to Paris’ development. He replaced the wooden Grand Chatelet with…

Answer 17

a robust stone tower.

Question 18

Under Louis VI’s stone chatelet grew a whole district dedicated to…

Answer 18

commerce and provisions, later known as Les Halles.

Question 19

On the left bank, marshes were drained for new settlements, monks canalized the stream of the Bievre, and houses were built there by…

Answer 19

wealthy merchants.

Question 20

The left bank under Louis VI also saw the beginnings of a famous academic centre under the tutelage of…

Answer 20

Peter Abelard. It was later known as the Sorbonne.

Question 22

The year of the worst flood of the Seine in memory, which carried off both bridges, mills, houses and livestock.

Answer 22

1176

Question 23

Before he left for the 3rd crusade, Philippe Auguste set down the Testament of 1190, which provided for the construction of a…

Answer 23

continuous fortified wall or enceinte girdling Paris, making her impregnable to any enemy assailant for the first time in her history. Philippe personally oversaw the construction. It was 10 metres high, had 67 towers and curved walls to deflect cannon balls.

Question 24

Work started on the Louvre in…

Answer 24

1202. It was a major stronghold and treasury, not designed to be lived in as a palace (which it later was).

Question 25

The Louvre was made into a palace with decorated roofs by

Answer 25

Charles V, 1364-1380.

Question 26

The streets were open sewers, hence names such as Rue Merderelle. A young Philippe Auguste, after opening the window and smelling the air, ordered…

Answer 26

all of the streets to be paved.

Question 27

Churches during reign of Philippe Auguste…

Answer 27

Notre Dame finished and Sainte-Genevieve rebuilt.

Question 28

Districts that appeared during reign of Philippe Auguste

Answer 28

Saint-Honoré, Saint-Pierre and Les Mathurins.

Question 29

Three new hospitals were constructed during the reign of Philippe Auguste, including…

Answer 29

the Saint-Catherine founded for women in 1184.

Question 30

To replace the waters of the Seine, Philippe Auguste…

Answer 30

created a catchment of fresh water from from springs up on Belleville, new aquaducts (the first since the roman era) and numerous fountains were built, one of which was used for 7 centuries.

Question 31

One of Philippe’s lasting contributions to Paris was the creation of Les Halles, which Emile Zola dubbed

Answer 31

‘the belly of Paris’. The market entered an era of growth.

Question 32

Horne argues that Paris should have become a major trading centre, but it was hindered by…

Answer 32

Les Halles. The site was constantly rebuilt and expanded over the years.

Question 33

Philippe Auguste was able to develop Paris because

Answer 33

he was a talented fund raiser, aided by a modern-minded system of standardisation. The economy was kept under tight control and taxes were meticulously exacted.

Question 34

Philippe Auguste was also partly funded by….

Answer 34

the money he demanded from Jews to buy their freedom.

Question 35

The expulsion of the Jews put an end to the…

Answer 35

ancient juiverie on the ile de la cité, and their synagogue was converted by Bishop Sully into the Church of the Madeleine.

Question 36

The Jews were also expelled from the whole of France, their property confiscated, under…

Answer 36

Philippe le Bel a century later.

Question 37

Philippe le Bel was known for being…

Answer 37

the most spendthrift king. He poured money into rebuilding the palais de la cité.