Development Flashcards
Developing
Process being made in technology, production, and socialeconomic welfare
Commodity Chain
A series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market
Gross national product (GNP)
A measure of the total value of the officially recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in a given year
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Encompasses only goods and services produced within a country during a given year.
Per capita GNI
The GNP of a country divided by it’s population
Formal economy
The legal economy that governments tax and monitor
Informal economy
The illegal or uncounted economy that governments do not tax and keep track of
Modernization model
(Walter Rostow) Maintains that all countries go through 5 interrelated stages of development which culminate in an economic state of self sustained economic growth and high levels of mass consumption
Context
The geographical situation in which something occurs; the combination of what is happening at a variety of scales concurrently
Neo-colonialism
The entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade investment.
Structuralist theory
A general term for a model of economic development that treats economic disparities among countries or regions as the result of historically derived power relations within the global economic system
Dependency theory
-critique of the modernization model
The idea that certain types of political and economic relations between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop
Dollarization
When a poorer country ties the value of its currency to that of a wealthier country/ abandons it’s currency and adopts the wealthier country’s currency as it’s own
World-systems theory
(Immanuel Wallerstien) proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities to the developed world
Three-tier structure
(Immanuel Wallerstein) the division of the world into the core, the periphery and semi-periphery as a means to help explain the interconnections between places in the global economy
Trafficking
When adults and children fleeing poverty are manipulated, deceived, and bullied into working in conditions that they would not choose
Structural adjustment loans
Loans granted by international financial institutions to countries in periphery/ semi-periphery in exchange for certain economic and governmental reforms in that country.
Vectored diseases
Diseases that spread by one host to another by an intermediate host or vector
Malaria
An infectious disease spread by mosquitoes that carry the parasite in their saliva
Export processing zones (EPZs)
Zones established by many countries in the periphery/semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment
Malquiladoras
Zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market
Special economic zones (SEZ)
Specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico, and the USA in December 1992 and which took effect on January 1,1994, to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods/ services between counties
Desertification
The encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins, where plant cover and soils are threatened by desiccation
Island of development
Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure
Nongovernmental organizations (NGO)
International organizations that operate outside of the formal political arena but that are nevertheless influential in spearheading international initiatives on social, economic, and environmental issues
Microcredit program
Program that provides loans to poor people especially women, to encourage small businesses
