Development

Question 0

Developing

Answer 0

Process being made in technology, production, and socialeconomic welfare

Question 1

Commodity Chain

Answer 1

A series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market

Question 2

Gross national product (GNP)

Answer 2

A measure of the total value of the officially recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in a given year

Question 3

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 3

Encompasses only goods and services produced within a country during a given year.

Question 4

Per capita GNI

Answer 4

The GNP of a country divided by it’s population

Question 5

Formal economy

Answer 5

The legal economy that governments tax and monitor

Question 6

Informal economy

Answer 6

The illegal or uncounted economy that governments do not tax and keep track of

Question 7

Modernization model

Answer 7

(Walter Rostow) Maintains that all countries go through 5 interrelated stages of development which culminate in an economic state of self sustained economic growth and high levels of mass consumption

Question 8

Context

Answer 8

The geographical situation in which something occurs; the combination of what is happening at a variety of scales concurrently

Question 9

Neo-colonialism

Answer 9

The entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade investment.

Question 10

Structuralist theory

Answer 10

A general term for a model of economic development that treats economic disparities among countries or regions as the result of historically derived power relations within the global economic system

Question 11

Dependency theory

Answer 11

-critique of the modernization model
The idea that certain types of political and economic relations between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop

Question 12

Dollarization

Answer 12

When a poorer country ties the value of its currency to that of a wealthier country/ abandons it’s currency and adopts the wealthier country’s currency as it’s own

Question 13

World-systems theory

Answer 13

(Immanuel Wallerstien) proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities to the developed world

Question 14

Three-tier structure

Answer 14

(Immanuel Wallerstein) the division of the world into the core, the periphery and semi-periphery as a means to help explain the interconnections between places in the global economy

Question 15

Trafficking

Answer 15

When adults and children fleeing poverty are manipulated, deceived, and bullied into working in conditions that they would not choose

Question 16

Structural adjustment loans

Answer 16

Loans granted by international financial institutions to countries in periphery/ semi-periphery in exchange for certain economic and governmental reforms in that country.

Question 17

Vectored diseases

Answer 17

Diseases that spread by one host to another by an intermediate host or vector

Question 18

Malaria

Answer 18

An infectious disease spread by mosquitoes that carry the parasite in their saliva

Question 19

Export processing zones (EPZs)

Answer 19

Zones established by many countries in the periphery/semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment

Question 20

Malquiladoras

Answer 20

Zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market

Question 21

Special economic zones (SEZ)

Answer 21

Specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment.

Question 22

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Answer 22

Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico, and the USA in December 1992 and which took effect on January 1,1994, to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods/ services between counties

Question 23

Desertification

Answer 23

The encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins, where plant cover and soils are threatened by desiccation

Question 24

Island of development

Answer 24

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure

Question 25

Nongovernmental organizations (NGO)

Answer 25

International organizations that operate outside of the formal political arena but that are nevertheless influential in spearheading international initiatives on social, economic, and environmental issues

Question 26

Microcredit program

Answer 26

Program that provides loans to poor people especially women, to encourage small businesses